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*Grow on enriched media; non-acid fast
*Grow on enriched media; non-acid fast
*Colonise mucous membranes
*Colonise mucous membranes
*Modified Ziehl-Neelson negative
**Abscesses especially in liver
**Abscesses especially in liver
**Pyometra
**Pyometra
**Endometritis
**Summer mastitis
**Summer mastitis
**Ovine foot disease
**Ovine foot disease
**Arthritis
**Umbilical infections
**Umbilical infections
**Pneumonia
**Suppurative pneumonia
===''Actinomyces''===
===''Actinomyces''===
*Usually long and filamentous branching Gram positive rods
*Usually long filamentous branching Gram positive rods
*Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
*Anaerobic or facultativlyy anaerobic and capnophilic
*Live in nasopharyngeal and oral mucosa
*Live in nasopharyngeal and oral mucosa
**''Actinomyces viscosus''
**''Actinomyces viscosus''
***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
***Commensal of oral cavity of dogs and humans
***Causes localised abscesses of skin or granulomatous lesions in thorax which may spread to abdomen causing pyothorax
***Causes localised abscesses of skin or granulomatous lesions in thorax leading to pyothorax in dogs
***Cutaneous pustules in horses
***Abortion in cattle
***Rods contained in soft grey granules which release the organism when squashed
***Rods contained in soft grey granules which release the organism when squashed
***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
***Two types of colonies: large and smooth colonies with V, Y and T configurations or small and rough colonies with short branching filaments
***Grow in 10% carbon dioxide
===''Actinobaculum suis''===
===''Actinobaculum suis''===
**Coryneform morphology
**Coryneform morphology
**Produces urease
**Produces urease
**3mm diameter colonies with shiny raised centre and dull edge
**Produces lesions in urinary tract of sows
**Produces lesions in urinary tract of sows
**3mm diameter colonies with shiny raised centre and dull edge
**Cystitis and pyelonephritis in sows
===''Nocardia''===
===''Nocardia''===
*Chronic, progressive disease
*Chronic, progressive disease
*Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)
*Lesions difficult to treat due to resistance of organisms to many antimicrobials (e.g. penicillins)
===''Dermatophilus congolensis''===
===''Dermatophilus congolensis''===