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Vaginal Smear for Oestrus Detection in the Bitch (view source)
Revision as of 18:06, 3 July 2012
, 18:06, 3 July 2012→Vaginal Epithelium
== Introduction ==
Vaginal smears can be used to determine the stage of the oestrous cycle. Smears are generally stained with Leishman's or a Trichrome stain such as Shorr's.
== Vaginal Smear ==
== Vaginal Smears ==
* At the onset of pro-oestrus, large numbers of erythrocytes are present.
* When true oestrus occurs, the number of erythrocytes is reduced, and the smear consists of superficial cells from the stratified squamous epithelium. Such cells include:
** Anuclear cells
** Cells with pyknotic nuclei
** Large intermediate cells
* Towards the end of oestrus, polymorphonuclear neutrophil leukocytes appear. These become the dominant cell type during metoestrus.
* In anoestrus,different cell types are present,these are:
** Nucleated basal of the stratified squamous epithelium
** Intermediate cells of the stratified squamous epithelium
** Few [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]]
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
!'''Cell Type'''
!'''Para Basal'''
!'''Small Intermediate'''
!'''Large Intermediate'''
!'''Anuclear Keratinised'''
!'''Red Blood'''
!'''Neutrophils'''
|-
| '''Early Pro-Oestrus'''
| +++
| +++
| +-
| -
| +
| +
|-
| '''Late Pro-Oestrus'''
| +
| ++
| ++
| ++
| +++
| -
|-
| '''Early Oestrus'''
| -
| -
| +++
| ++++
| ++
| -
|-
| '''Late Oestrus'''
| -
| -
| +++
| +++
| -
| +
|-
| '''Ealy Metoestrus'''
| -
| +
| -
| +-
| -
| +++
|-
| '''Anoestrus'''
| ++
| +
| -
| -
| +-
| +
|-
| '''Vaginitis/Pyometra'''
| +-
| +-
| +-
| -
| +-
| ++++
|
|}
== Vaginal Epithelium ==
== Vaginal Epithelium ==
* Anoestrous: low columnar-cuboidal, comprises of 2-3 layers.
* Pro-oestrus: high stratified squamous persists until late stages of oestrus.
* Stratum corneum and the layers immediately beneath it are lost by desquamation during pro-oestrus and oestrus. This leaves low squamous epithelium, which becomes converted to columnar epithelium 1-3 weeks after the end of oestrus.
* Metoestrus and pregnancy: high columnar, higher than during anoestrus.
* During pro-oestrus, oestrus and early metoestrus, the epithelium and lamina propria are infiltrated with large numbers of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], which eventually escape into the vaginal lumen.
[[Category:Female Reproduction]]
[[Category:Bullet Points]]