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Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:40, 5 July 2012
, 13:40, 5 July 2012→Gerbil
== Mounting ==
==Mounting==
[[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
* Learned behaviour
* Learned behaviour
== Intromission==
* Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
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== Ejaculation ==
== Ejaculation ==
[[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
* The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
* Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
* Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
* Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
* Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
* Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
** '''Urethralis''' muscle
** '''Ischiocavernosus''' muscle
** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
* '''Emission''' and ejaculation
** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
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==Species Differences==
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
!'''Species'''
!'''Ram'''
!'''Bull'''
!'''Stallion'''
!'''Boar'''
|-
| '''Duration of Copulation'''
| 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
| 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
| 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase)
| 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences
|-
| '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)'''
| 0.8-1.0
| 3-5
| 75-120
| 200-250
|-
| '''Site of Semen Deposition'''
| External Cervical Os
| Fornix Vagina
| External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure
| Cervix and Uterus
|-
| '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation'''
| 10
| 20
| 3
| 3
|-
| Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period)
| 30-40
| 60-80
| 20
| 8
|-
|}
=== [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ===
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=== [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ===
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== Dog ==
=== [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] ===
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[[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
[[Category:Bullet Points]]