Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
53,803
edits
Changes
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Nephron Summary Table - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 14:25, 5 July 2012
, 14:25, 5 July 2012no edit summary
{{toplink
{{OpenPagesTop}}
'''<center>[[Media:A_Summary_Table_of_Reabsorption_and_Secretion_Along_the_Nephron_-_Anatomy_&_Physiology.pdf| Printable Version]]</center>'''
|pagetype =Anatomy
<br>
<TABLE CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="100%">
<TABLE CELLPADDING="2" CELLSPACING="2" WIDTH="100%">
<TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Substance'''</center></TD>
<TD WIDTH="12%" BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Substance'''</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Proximal Tubule'''</center></TD>
<TD WIDTH="24%" BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Proximal Tubule'''</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Loop of Henle'''</center></TD>
<TD WIDTH="24%" BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Loop of Henle'''</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct'''</center></TD>
<TD WIDTH="24%" BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct'''</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Hormonal Influences'''</center></TD>
<TD WIDTH="24%" BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>'''Hormonal Influences'''</center></TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
<TD>
<TD>
*Passively reabsorbed via diffusion from the thin ascending limb
*Passively reabsorbed via diffusion from the thin ascending limb
*Reabsorbed actively in the thick ascending limb via the Sodium/Potassium/2-Chloride co-transporter
*Reabsorbed actively in the thick ascending limb via the Sodium/Potassium/2-Chloride symporter
*It is then cleared from the cell via the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
*It is then cleared from the cell via the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Loop of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Loop of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>
<TD></TD>
* The remaining sodium is reabsorbed in the distal tubule via sodium chloride symporters
*It is the cleared from the cells via the sodium/potassium ATPase
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#Sodium|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD>The reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule is under the influence of two hormones:
*[[Atrial Natriuretic Peptide|Atrial natriuretic peptide]] - inhibits sodium reuptake
*[[Aldosterone]] promotes sodium reuptake</TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
* Potassium mainly moves across the membrane via the paracellular route.
* Potassium mainly moves across the membrane via the paracellular route.
* It is then pumped into the cell in exchange for sodium via the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
* It is then pumped into the cell in exchange for sodium via the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
* It then leaves the cell using a co-transporter with chlorine
* It then leaves the cell using a symporter with chlorine
* [[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Potassium|Link to Article]]</TD>
* [[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Potassium|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
*Reabsorbed actively in the thick ascending limb via the Sodium/Potassium/2-Chloride co-transporter
*Reabsorbed actively in the thick ascending limb via the Sodium/Potassium/2-Chloride symporter
*It also enters the cell via the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
*It also enters the cell via the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
*Potassium from both these sources leaves the cell via a co-transporter with chlorine
*Potassium from both these sources leaves the cell via a symporter with chlorine
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Loop of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Loop of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"></TD>
*Potassium is secreted into the lumen by the cells of the '''distal tubule'''
**Potassium enters the cell in exchange for sodium
**It is excreted passively through ion channels and using a symporter with chlorine
*Potassium is on the whole excreted from the '''principal cells of the collecting duct
**This occurs via the paracellular route and via ion channels
** The gradient for the loss via the ion channels is maintained by the sodium/potassium ATPase in the basolateral membrane
*The '''intercalated cells''' of the collecting duct absorb potassium using a potassium/hydrogen antiporter
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#Potassium|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
[[Aldosterone]] acts of the sodium/potassium ATPase in the principal cells of the collecting duct increase potassium excretion.</TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
*Freely diffuses from the collecting duct into the medullary interstitium
*Freely diffuses from the collecting duct into the medullary interstitium
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#Urea|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#Urea|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD>ADH makes the collecting duct more permeable to Urea</TD>
<TD>[[Pituitary Gland - Anatomy & Physiology #Posterior Pituitary Gland| ADH]] makes the collecting duct more permeable to Urea</TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">'''Water'''</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">'''H<sup>+</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>'''</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"></TD>
* The secretion of H<sup>+</sup> in this section of the nephron is mainly a result of the Na<sup>+</sup>/H<sup>+</sup> antiporter in the apical membrane using secondary active transport.
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"></TD>
*HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> is reabsorbed here in a different way to other substances. The presence of hydrogen in the lumen causes some amount of it to dissociate to carbon dioxide and water via the enzyme carbonic anhydrase. These enter the epithelial cells where they are reformed using the same enzyme. The HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> then leaves the cell using the basolateral 3HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>/Na<sup>+</sup> symporter.
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"></TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#The Secretion of H+ and the Reabsorption of HCO3-|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
*Hydrogen is excreted in the collecting ducts both in exchange for potassium and on its own using an ATPase.
*Bicarbonate is reabsorbed.
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Distal Tubule and Collecting Duct - Anatomy & Physiology#H+ and HCO3-|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
<TD>'''Glucose'''</TD>
<TD>'''Glucose'''</TD>
<TD>
<TD>
*It is reabsorbed using a co-transporter with sodium via secondary active transport
*It is reabsorbed using a symporter with sodium via secondary active transport
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucose|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Glucose|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD>N/A</TD>
<TD><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD>N/A</TD>
<TD><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD>N/A</TD>
<TD><center>N/A</center></TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
*Is reabsorbed via endocytosis
*Is reabsorbed via endocytosis
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Protein|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">N/A</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">N/A</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">N/A</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
* Calcium can passively move paracellulary into the vasa recta
* Calcium can passively move paracellulary into the vasa recta
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Loop of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Loop of Henle - Anatomy & Physiology#Transport|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>The regulation of how much calcium is reabsorbed occurs in the athe distal tubule and collecting ducts.</TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD>[[Calcium #Parathyroid Hormone (PTH)| Parathyroid hormone]] stimulates reabsorption.</TD>
</TR>
</TR>
<TR>
<TR>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">'''H<sup>+</sup> and HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>'''</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">'''Organic Acids and Bases'''</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6">
* Secreted here via primary active secretion.
* Secreted here via primary active secretion.
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Primary Active Secretion - Organic Acids and Bases|Link to Article]]</TD>
*[[Reabsorption and Secretion Along the Proximal Tubule - Anatomy & Physiology#Primary Active Secretion - Organic Acids and Bases|Link to Article]]</TD>
<TD>N/A</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD>N/A</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
<TD>N/A</TD>
<TD BGCOLOR="#C1f0f6"><center>N/A</center></TD>
</TR>
</TR>
</TABLE>
</TABLE>
'''<center>[[Media:A_Summary_Table_of_Reabsorption_and_Secretion_Along_the_Nephron_-_Anatomy_&_Physiology.pdf| Printable Version]]</center>'''
{{OpenPages}}
[[Category:Urine Production]]