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[[File:Bordetella.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> Gram-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica coccobacilli bacteria. (Janice Carr

[[File:Bordetella.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> Gram-negative Bordetella bronchiseptica coccobacilli bacteria. (Janice Carr

==Overview==

==Overview==

The ''Bordetella'' species are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract and can cause repsiratory diseases including [[Atrophic Rhinitis|rhinitis]], [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology|tracheitis]] and [[Diseases of the conducting airways|bronchitis and bronchiolitis]].

The ''Bordetella'' species are normal inhabitants of the upper respiratory tract and can cause respiratory diseases including [[Atrophic Rhinitis]], [[Tracheitis|tracheitis]] and bronchitis and bronchiolitis.

The species [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] infects a wide range of animal species worldwide, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] is resticted to birds.

The species [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] infects a wide range of animal species worldwide, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] is resticted to birds.

''Bordetella'' species cause exogenous or endogenous infection which is of high morbidity andlow mortality. They have poor survival in the environment. Transmission occurs between animals and young animals are particularly susceptible. Predisposing factors to ''Bordetella'' include stress and concurrent infections.  

''Bordetella'' species cause exogenous or endogenous infection which is of high morbidity and low mortality. They have poor survival in the environment. Transmission occurs between animals and young animals are particularly susceptible. Predisposing factors to ''Bordetella'' include stress and concurrent infections. The organisms are named in Honor of the scientist 'Bordet'.

==Characteristics==

==Characteristics==

The ''Bordetella'' species are Gram negative rods. They are strict aerobes that are catalase and oxidase positive. They grow slowly and are non-lactose fermentors that grow on MacConkey agar. Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells. There is identical S form of LPS in all strains of [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']].  

The ''Bordetella'' species are Gram negative rods. They are '''strict aerobes''' that are '''catalase and oxidase positive'''. They grow slowly and are '''non-lactose fermentors''' that grow on MacConkey agar. Toxigenic strains agglutinate mammalian red blood cells. There is identical S form of LPS in all strains of [[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']].  

[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] are haemolytic, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] are not. They both have an affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium.

[[Bordetella bronchiseptica|''B. bronchiseptica'']] are haemolytic, whereas [[Bordetella avium|''B. avium'']] are not. They both have an affinity for ciliated respiratory epithelium.

To diagnose ''Bordetella'', samples can be taken including nasal swabs, tracheal aspirates and exudates. They can be cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Biochemical profiles can be done and slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates.

To diagnose ''Bordetella'', samples can be taken including nasal swabs, tracheal aspirates and exudates. They can be cultured on blood agar and MacConkey agar. Biochemical profiles can be done and slide agglutination tests for virulence of isolates.

 

 

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[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]][[Category:Bordetella_species]]