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− | *Bovine brucellosis:
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− | **Caused by ''Brucella abortus''
| + | {{Taxobox |
− | **Eradicated in many countries including UK
| + | |name =''Brucella abortus'' |
− | **Infection usually by ingestions but also venereal, skin abrasions, inhalation, transplacental
| + | |phylum =Proteobacteria |
− | **Abortion storms in susceptible herds
| + | |class =Alpha Proteobacteria |
− | **Abortion after fifth month of gestation due to placentitis
| + | |order =Rhizobiales |
− | **Brucellae excreted in foetal fluids for 2-4 weeks following abortion and at subsequent parturitions without abortion
| + | |family =Brucellaceae |
− | **Infection of mammary glands and lymph nodes persists for years
| + | |genus =Brucella |
− | **Excreted intermittently in milk for years
| + | |species =''B.abortus'' |
− | **Seminal vesicles, ampullae, testicles and epididymus infected in bulls; necrotising orchitis
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− | **Decreased fertility in cows and bulls; decreased milk production
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− | **Localisation in [[Spleen - Anatomy & Physiology|spleen]] and lymphatic tissue of non-pregnant animals
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− | **Occasionally causes [[Joints Inflammatory - Pathology#In Cattle|arthritis]]
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− | *Isolated from closed cases of [[Bursae and Tendons Inflammatory - Pathology#Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|poll evil and fistulous withers]] in horses
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| + | [[File:Brucelliosis.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center> Swollen caribou “knee” joint due to brucellosis. (Wildlife Alaska |
| + | 2008, Wikimedia commons)</center></small>]] |
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| + | ''Brucella abortus'' is a species of the ''[[Brucella species - Overview|Brucella]]'' bacteria genus and causes [[Brucellosis - Cattle|bovine brucellosis]]. It mainly affects cattle, where transmission is by ingestion and abortion occurs in the last half of pregnancy. The placenta is covered by fibrinonecrotic tissue and the foetus often shows bronchopneumonia. |
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| + | ''B.abortus'' uncommonly localises in joints, usually in [[Capped Joints|'''carpal bursitis (hygroma)]]''' in cattle and '''bursitis''' in horses. Also in spleen and lymphatic tissue of non-pregnant animals. It has been isolated from closed cases of [[Poll Evil and Fistulous Withers|poll evil and fistulous withers]] in horses. |
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| + | ==Control== |
| + | Vaccination of heifers against ''B. abortus'' in endemic regions by Strain S19, a live attenuated vaccine, stimulating a cell-mediated immune response. The vaccination of young animals interferes with serological testing. The 45/20 bacterin vaccine is less effective and the newer RB51 vaccine has no LPS O-antigen therefore not detected by serological tests and gives good protection. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Brucella+abortus%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=43&y=8 ''Brucella abortus'' publications since 2000] |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
| [[Category:Brucella species]] | | [[Category:Brucella species]] |
− | [[Category:Cattle]]
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− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] | + | |
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| + | [[Category:Expert_Review]] |