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Also known as: '''''Equine viral encephalomyelitis — Equine viral encephalitides — Equine viral encephalomyelitides'''''
====Description====
==Introduction==
Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of horses causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis.
Viral diseases affecting the central nervous system (CNS) of equidae causing encephalitis or meningoencephalitis. Most commonly involves [[Equine Togaviral Encephalitis]].
==Aetiology==
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
Infection with any of the following viruses can cause CNS disease in horses:
Family Rhabdoviridae, Genus ''Lyssavirus''
Family Bornaviridae, Genus ''Bornavirus''
*Rabies Virus
*Borna Disease Virus
Family Flaviviridae, Genus ''Flavivirus''
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Bunyamweravirus''
*Japanese Encephalitis Virus
*Cache Valley Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Orthobunyavirus''
*California Encephalitis viruses
*California Encephalitis viruses <ref>Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
**Snowshoe Hare Virus
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
**Jamestown Canyon Virus
*Main Drain Virus
*Main Drain Virus
Family Bunyaviridae, Genus ''Bunyamweravirus''
Family [[:Category:Flaviviridae|Flaviviridae]], Genus [[:Category:Flaviviruses|''Flavivirus'']]
*Cache Valley Virus
*[[Japanese Encephalitis Virus]]
Family Paramyxoviridae, Genus ''Henipavirus''
*Kunjin Virus
*Nipah virus
*[[Louping Ill|Louping Ill Virus]]
Family Reoviridae, Genus ''Orbivirus''
*Murray Valley Virus
*Powassan virus
*St. Louis Encephalitis Virus
*[[West Nile Virus|West Nile Virus (WNV) **]]
Family [[:Category:Paramyxoviridae|Paramyxoviridae]], Genus ''Henipavirus''
*[[Nipah Virus]]
Family [[:Category:Rhabdoviridae|Rhabdoviridae]], Genus ''Lyssavirus''
*[[Rabies]] Virus
Family [[:Category:Reoviridae|Reoviridae]], Genus ''Orbivirus''
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
*Equine Encephalosis Virus
Family Bornaviridae, Genus ''Bornavirus''
[[:Category:Togaviridae|Family Togaviridae]], Genus [[Equine Encephalitis Virus|''Alphavirus'']]
*Aura Virus
*Aura Virus
*Una Virus
*Eastern Equine Encephalitis Virus (EEV) **
*Western EEV **
*Venezuelan EEV **
*Highlands J Virus
*Highlands J Virus
*Getah Virus
*Semliki Forest Virus
*Semliki Forest Virus
*Getah Virus
*Ross River Virus
*Una Virus
Other viruses implicated in equine encephalitis:
*Maguari Virus<ref>Calisher, C.H, Monath, T.P, Sabattini, M.S, Mitchell, C.J, Lazuick, J.S, Tesh, R.B, Cropp, C.B (1987) A newly recognised vesiculovirus, Calchaqui virus, and subtypes of Melao and Maguari viruses from Argentina, with serologic evidence for infections of humans and horses, ''Am J Trop Med Hyg'', 36:114-119. In: Bertone, J.J (2010) Viral Encephalitis in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 12.</ref>
==Legislation==
Diseases caused by some of the viruses listed above (**) are subject to The Infectious Diseases of Horses Order 1987. "''The Order, which revoked and replaced earlier legislation, makes these diseases compulsorily notifiable: it gives an inspector powers to declare an infected place where disease is suspected; to carry out a veterinary inquiry, prohibits the movement of horses carcases and other things onto or off the premises and requires cleansing and disinfection''". Council Directive 90/426 describes all cases of equine encephalomyelitis (regardless of cause) as compulsorily notifiable to the EU.<ref>http://www.defra.gov.uk/foodfarm/farmanimal/diseases/atoz/viralenceph/index.htm</ref>
{{Learning
|full text = [http://www.cabi.org/cabdirect/FullTextPDF/2005/20053177514.pdf ''' Update on viral encephalitis, encephalomyelitis and myeloencephalopathy.''' Traub-Dargatz, J.; Eastern States Veterinary Association, Gainesville, USA, Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference. Large animal. Volume 19, Orlando, Florida, USA, 8-12 January, 2005, 2005, pp 274-278, 10 ref.]
}}
==References==
<references/>
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[[Category:Togaviridae]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
[[Category:Horse]]
[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Horse]]