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Also known as: '''''Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteopathy — HO — Marie's Disease'''''

Also known as: '''''Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteopathy — Hypertrophic Pulmonary Osteoarthropathy — HO — Marie's Disease'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

This is a '''rare condition''' that occurs in '''all species'''.

This is a '''rare condition''' that occurs in '''all species'''.

It is a '''diffuse, periosteal proliferative condition''' of long bones secondary to '''neoplastic or infectious masses''' in the thoracic or abdominal cavity, including [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Tuberculosis|tuberculosis]], [[Pulmonary Neoplasia|pulmonary neoplasia]], [[Pleuritis|granulomatous pleuritis]] and granulomatous lymphadenitis of the mediastinal lymph nodes.

It is a '''diffuse, periosteal proliferative condition''' of long bones secondary to '''neoplastic or infectious masses''' in the thoracic or abdominal cavity, including [[Tuberculosis|tuberculosis]], [[Pulmonary Neoplasia|pulmonary neoplasia]], [[Pleuritis|granulomatous pleuritis]] and granulomatous lymphadenitis of the mediastinal lymph nodes.

The exact pathogenic mechanism is unknown, but several theories have been proposed:

The exact pathogenic mechanism is unknown, but several theories have been proposed:

:'''Humoral theory''': there may be right-to-left shunts associated with pulmonary neoplasia, that lead to platelet clumps and megakaryocytes circumventing the vasculature of the lungs and migrating to the periphery. Once there, platelets produce '''Platelet-Derived Growth Factors''' which induce increased vascular permeability which alters fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and results in the periosteal reaction seen with HO.

:'''Humoral theory''': there may be right-to-left shunts associated with pulmonary neoplasia, that lead to [[platelet]] clumps and megakaryocytes circumventing the vasculature of the lungs and migrating to the periphery. Once there, platelets produce '''Platelet-Derived Growth Factors''' which induce increased vascular permeability which alters fibroblasts and inflammatory cells and results in the periosteal reaction seen with HO.

:'''Neuronal theory''': the vagus nerve is stimulated by neural reflexes produced by thoracic tumours, and it then stimulates fibres in the distal limbs. This leads to and '''increased blood flow''' and the periosteal reaction. Regression of the bony lesions after a vagotomy has been demonstrated.

 

:'''Neuronal theory''': the vagus nerve is stimulated by neural reflexes produced by thoracic tumours, and it then stimulates fibres in the distal limbs. This leads to an '''increased blood flow''' and the periosteal reaction. Regression of the bony lesions after a vagotomy has been demonstrated.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

Morgan, J. (1999) '''Radiology of veterinary orthopaedics''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''

Morgan, J. (1999) '''Radiology of veterinary orthopaedics''' ''Wiley-Blackwell''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

 

 

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Goat]]

[[Category:Musculoskeletal Diseases - Pig]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]

[[Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology]]

[[Category:Bones - Hyperplastic Pathology]]