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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

'''Tuberculoisis''' is a general term for diseases caused by the tuberculous group of bacteria, [[Mycobacteria spp.|Mycobacteria species]]. ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'', ''[[Mycobacterium bovis]]'', ''[[Mycobacterium avium]]'' are host adapted to humans, cattle and birds respectively. All three types can produce disease in other species; ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' is the most host specific strain and rarely causes progressive disease in species other than humans, ''Mycobacterium bovis'' causes disease in cattle but can affect a number of other species, see [[Bovine Tuberculosis]]. ''Mycobacterium avium'' is the only type that causes disease in birds but it can also affect mammalian species, see [[Avian Tuberculosis]].

'''Tuberculosis''' is a general term for diseases caused by the tuberculous group of bacteria, [[Mycobacteria spp.|Mycobacteria species]]. ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'', ''[[Mycobacterium bovis]]'', ''[[Mycobacterium avium]]'' are host adapted to humans, cattle and birds respectively. All three types can produce disease in other species; ''Mycobacterium tuberculosis'' is the most host specific strain and rarely causes progressive disease in species other than humans, ''Mycobacterium bovis'' causes disease in cattle but can affect a number of other species, see [[Bovine Tuberculosis]]. ''Mycobacterium avium'' is the only type that causes disease in birds but it can also affect mammalian species, see [[Avian Tuberculosis]].

Infection is usually via inhalation of infective droplets, but can also be by ingestion of contaminated feed or water, and occasionally via coitus or milk. The primary focus of infection is determined by the route of infection. Characteristic granulomatous tubercles develop. These become necrotic, shedding the infective organism which disseminates to other body systems initiating secondary foci.

Infection is usually via inhalation of infective droplets, but can also be by ingestion of contaminated feed or water, and occasionally via coitus or milk. The primary focus of infection is determined by the route of infection. Characteristic granulomatous tubercles develop. These become necrotic, shedding the infective organism which disseminates to other body systems initiating secondary foci.

==Laboratory Tests==

==Laboratory Tests==

An ELISA test has been developed but is not widely used. The gamma interferon test can also be used for diagnosis of the condition.

An [[ELISA testing|ELISA test]] has been developed but is not widely used. The gamma interferon test can also be used for diagnosis of the condition.

==Pathology==

==Pathology==

The test and slaughter policy is the only method of eradicating TB, positive reactors to the '''intradermal tuberculin test''' are culled and testing of the herd is undertaken every 3-6 months.  

The test and slaughter policy is the only method of eradicating TB, positive reactors to the '''intradermal tuberculin test''' are culled and testing of the herd is undertaken every 3-6 months.  

==References==

==References==

* Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) '''Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

* Radostits, O.M, Arundel, J.H, and Gay, C.C. (2000) '''Veterinary Medicine: a textbook of the diseases of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and horses''' ''Elsevier Health Sciences''

 

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