Changes

== Introduction  ==

== Introduction  ==

Clinical signs and season are enough to make a presumptive diagnosis.  

Clinical signs and season are enough to make a presumptive diagnosis.  

A faecal egg count should be performed, however, these often return with the result of zero eggs (as clinical signs are seen after 11-12 days whilst the prepatent period is 15 days). ''Nematodirus'' species eggs, including'' N. battus'', are much larger than [[strongyle]] eggs. They are brownish in colour and have straight sides. Bloods should be taken. With this disease, blood pepsinogen levels are normal, which is useful for ruling out the differential diagnosis of [[Ostertagiosis and Trichostrongylosis - Sheep|Ostertagiosis]]. A post-mortem examination can be carried out on any sheep that may have succumbed to the disease. Findings at necropsy would include enteritis and the presence of >10,000 adult worms (examine male worms to identify species) .  

A faecal egg count should be performed, however, these often return with the result of zero eggs (as clinical signs are seen after 11-12 days whilst the prepatent period is 15 days). ''Nematodirus'' species eggs, including'' N. battus'', are much larger than [[Strongyles|strongyle]] eggs. They are brownish in colour and have straight sides. Bloods should be taken. With this disease, blood pepsinogen levels are normal, which is useful for ruling out the differential diagnosis of [[Ostertagiosis and Trichostrongylosis - Sheep|Ostertagiosis]]. A post-mortem examination can be carried out on any sheep that may have succumbed to the disease. Findings at necropsy would include enteritis and the presence of >10,000 adult worms (examine male worms to identify species) .

== Treatment and Control  ==

== Treatment and Control  ==

Tannin-Rich Forages are a new thinking into worm control. Condensed tannins, found in clover, lucerne, trefoil, etc. protect plants against microbial and parasitic attack and have recently been found to protect dietary protein against rumen breakdown and they posses some anthelmintic activity. To date, trials investigating the anthelmintic activity of tannin-rich forages have shown variable results between studies; faecal worm egg output was reduced in most studies and worm numbers in some. Clearly, further research is required, though such forages do offer potential as a long-term epidemiological tool and may reduce farmers' dependence on anthelmintics.  

Tannin-Rich Forages are a new thinking into worm control. Condensed tannins, found in clover, lucerne, trefoil, etc. protect plants against microbial and parasitic attack and have recently been found to protect dietary protein against rumen breakdown and they posses some anthelmintic activity. To date, trials investigating the anthelmintic activity of tannin-rich forages have shown variable results between studies; faecal worm egg output was reduced in most studies and worm numbers in some. Clearly, further research is required, though such forages do offer potential as a long-term epidemiological tool and may reduce farmers' dependence on anthelmintics.  

== Test yourself with the Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards  ==

 

|flashcards = [[Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards|Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards]]

[[Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards|Small Ruminant Nematodes Flashcards]]  

== References ==

== References ==

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[[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]

[[Category:Intestinal_Diseases_-_Sheep]] [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]