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| + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| + | {{Taxobox |
| + | |name = ''Haematobia irritans |
| + | |kingdom = |
| + | |phylum = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]] |
| + | |class = [[Insecta]] |
| + | |sub-class = |
| + | |order = Diptera |
| + | |super-family = |
| + | |family = Muscidae |
| + | |sub-family = |
| + | |genus = Haematobia |
| + | |species = ''H. irritans |
| + | }} |
| [[Image:Haematobia irritans.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Haematobia irritans'' - Scott Bauer Wikimedia Commons]] | | [[Image:Haematobia irritans.jpg|thumb|right|150px|''Haematobia irritans'' - Scott Bauer Wikimedia Commons]] |
− | *Also known as the horn fly
| + | Also known as: '''''Horn fly — Lyperosia irritans |
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− | *'''Resident''' biting fly
| + | ==Hosts== |
− | **Spends most of its time '''on''' the host along the back, shoulders and sides
| + | Cattle |
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− | *Mainly resides on cattle
| + | ==Identification== |
| + | ''H. irritans'' is of the class [[Insecta|insecta]]. Adults are between 3-4mm in length, and are grey with black stripes on the thorax. The larvae are yellow. |
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− | *Feed on areas where the skin is thin e.g. dewlap, belly and udder
| + | ==Life Cycle== |
| + | The flies remain on the host, for most of their life cycle, leaving only to lay their eggs on other hosts - spreading the infection. The eggs hatch quickly, and mature on the cattle, mostly along the back, shoulders and sides. |
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− | *Common in southern England, the USA, Europe and Australia
| + | The complete life cycle takes around a 1 week. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Haematobia+irritans%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=%22Horn+fly%22&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=OR&q3=%22Lyperosia+irritans%22&occuring3=title&x=40&y=13&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Haematobia irritans'' publications] |
| + | }} |
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− | '''Recognition'''
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− | *Similar to the stable fly
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− | *Smaller at 4-7mm long
| + | {{review}} |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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− | ==Life cycle==
| + | [[Category:Biting_Flies]] |
− | *Eggs laid in fresh cattle dung
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− | *Larvae burrow into dung and pupate
| + | [[Category:Expert_Review - Parasites]] |
− | | + | [[Category:Cattle Parasites]] |
− | *Life cycle takes '''1 week'''
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− | ==Pathogenesis==
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− | *Production losses
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− | **Annoyance
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− | **Bites can lead to secondary infection by [[Myiasis Flies|myiasis producing flies]] and other muscid species
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− | | |
− | *Disease transmission
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− | **Pathogenic bacteria and viruses via mechanical transmission
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− | **Helminths can be introduced into the host
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− | ***E.g. ''Stephanofiliaria'' a filarial nemadode found in the skin of cattle overseas
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− | | |
− | ==Control==
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− | *Resident fly so easier to control than visiting flies as spends more time in contact with the host
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− | | |
− | *However, [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]] resistance can occur quicker
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− | [[Category:Parasites]][[Category:Flies]][[Category:Biting_Flies]] | |