Changes

Also Known As: '''''CRF'''''

Also Known As: '''''CRF'''''

The disease can be staged. This helps to guide the prognosis and diagnostic plan. In addition it allows the clinician to monitor the progression of the disease over time in an individual animal.

The disease can be staged. This helps to guide the prognosis and diagnostic plan. In addition it allows the clinician to monitor the progression of the disease over time in an individual animal.

The [http://www.iris-kidney.com/guidelines/en/staging_ckd.shtml|'''IRIS (International Renal Insufficiency Society) Staging System'''] is a system based on '''creatinine values''', which are an approximately equal to the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR):

The [http://www.iris-kidney.com/guidelines/en/staging_ckd.shtml '''IRIS (International Renal Insufficiency Society) Staging System'''] is a system based on '''creatinine values''', which are an approximately equal to the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR):

:I)Non-azotaemic but some palpable and functional renal abnormalities. Creatinine <125 in dogs/<140 in cats

:I)Non-azotaemic but some palpable and functional renal abnormalities. Creatinine <125 in dogs/<140 in cats

:(II) Non/mildly azotaemic with absent/mild clinical signs. Creatinine 125-250 in dogs/140-250 in cats

:(II) Non/mildly azotaemic with absent/mild clinical signs. Creatinine 125-250 in dogs/140-250 in cats

:(IV) Creatinine levels of > 440 with or without signs of uraemia

:(IV) Creatinine levels of > 440 with or without signs of uraemia

Renal failure can also be classed according to '''protein:creatinine ratios''' and '''blood pressure readings'''.  

Renal failure can also be classed according to '''protein:creatinine ratios''' and '''blood pressure readings'''.

==Management==

==Management==

(1)''' Search for an underlying cause''' - this may only be appropriate in young cats, cats with enlarged kidneys and in dogs. Otherwise it is very likely to be [[[[Interstitial Nephritis|tubulointerstitial nephritis]] which is very common in elderly cats.

(1)''' Search for an underlying cause''' - this may only be appropriate in young cats, cats with enlarged kidneys and in dogs. Otherwise it is very likely to be [[Interstitial Nephritis|tubulointerstitial nephritis]] which is very common in elderly cats.

(2) '''Control any factors important in disease progression''' - these are normally self perpetuating.

(2) '''Control any factors important in disease progression''' - these are normally self perpetuating.

(3) '''Control factors that increase patient morbidity and quality of life''', these are mainly complications of the '''[[Uraemia|'uraemic syndrome']]'''.  

(3) '''Control factors that increase patient morbidity and quality of life''', these are mainly complications of the '''[[Uraemia|'uraemic syndrome']]'''.

==Maladaptive mechanisms==

==Maladaptive mechanisms==

{{review}}

{{review}}

[[Category:Renal Failure]]

[[Category:Renal Failure]]

[[Category:Urological Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category:Urological Diseases - Cat]]

[[Category: Urological Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category: Urological Diseases - Dog]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]

[[Category:Expert Review - Small Animal]]