Author, Donkey, Bureaucrats, Administrators
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
{{Taxobox
{{Taxobox
−|name = Anaplasma spp
+|name = ''Anaplasma'' spp
|kingdom = Monera
|kingdom = Monera
−|sub-kingdom = Bacteria
+|sub-kingdom = [[Bacteria]]
|phylum = Proteobacteria
|phylum = Proteobacteria
|super-class =
|super-class =
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|sub-class =
|sub-class =
|super-order =
|super-order =
−|order = Rickettsiales
+|order = [[Rickettsiales]]
|sub-order =
|sub-order =
|super-family =
|super-family =
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|sub-family =
|sub-family =
|genus = Anaplasma
|genus = Anaplasma
−|species = Anaplasma marginale and others
+|species = ''Anaplasma marginale'' and others
}}
}}
+==Introduction==
+[[File:Anaplasmosis.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Rickettsial pathogens inside tick haemolymph cells. Source - Wikimedia Commons]]
+''Anaplasma'' species are '''[[Rickettsiales | rickettsial]] [[Bacteria | bacterial]]''' pathogens that reside within host '''[[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]]'''.
+
+''Anaplasmas'' cause '''[[Anaplasmosis]]''' and have worldwide distribution due to their wide range of vectors. Disease is most common in '''tropical''' regions.
+
+==Lifecycle==
+''Anaplasmas'' are transmitted by a wide range of '''[[Ticks |tick]]''' species and other insects including the '''[[Ceratopogonidae |''Culicoides'' midge]]''' and other [[:Category:Biting Flies|biting flies]].
+
+'''Maturation''' can occur only in '''tick''' hosts, flies acting as solely '''mechanical''' vectors.
+
+Infectious bacteria reside and replicate within the '''salivary gland''' of the vector and are transmitted to mammalian hosts during bloodfeeding.
+
+Infected [[erythrocytes]] are disrupted and release bodies which can then invade other erythrocytes. These bodies form '''vacuoles''' within the cytoplasmic membranes of the [[erythrocytes|red blood cells]] and then undergo '''binary fission''' to form dense blue-purple round/cube shaped '''inclusion bodies'''.
+
+This '''amplifies''' infection within the host and increases the likelihood of transmission when insects bloodfeed.
+
+For more information on ticks as disease vectors, se [[Tick Disease Transmission]].
+
+==Pathogenesis==
+Anaplasmosis causes '''haemolytic [[Anaemia | anaemia]]''' by damaging [[Erythrocytes | erythrocytes]].
+
+==Diseases==
+[[Anaplasmosis]] in domestic and wild ruminants and deer causes profound '''anaemia, emaciation, haematuria''' and consequent '''respiratory''' and '''neurological''' signs.
+
+==''Anaplasma marginale''==
+Most (70-80%) inclusion bodies are found at or close to the border of the erythrocyte.
+Infects '''cattle''' causing '''severe''' [[Anaplasmosis | anaplasmosis]].
+
+==''Anaplasma centrale''==
+Infects primarily cattle.
+
+Inclusion bodies tend to be central within the red blood cells.
+
+==''Anaplasma mesaeterum'' and ''ovis''==
+Infect mainly sheep and goats.
+
+Usually cause mild disease only.
+
+Inclusion bodies tend to be central within the red blood cells.
+
+{{Learning
+|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=title%3A+%28Anaplasma%29/ Anaplasma Publications]
+
+|flashcards = [[Anaplasmas Flashcards]]
+}}
+
+==References==
+{{CABI source
+|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=94680&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Anaplasma centrale''], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=94681&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Anaplasma mesaeterum''], [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=94683&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Anaplasma ovis''] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=94684 ''Anaplasma marginale'']
+|date = June 4, 2011
+}}
+<br><br><br>
+
+
+{{Template:Nick Lyons
+|date = October 16, 2011}}
+
+
+{{OpenPages}}
+
+[[Category:Rickettsiales]]
+[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
+[[Category:Nick Lyons reviewed]]