Changes

{{Taxobox

{{Taxobox

|name              = ''Flavobacterium columnare''

|name              = ''Flavobacterium columnare''

|phylum            = Bacteroidetes

|phylum            = Bacteroidetes

|super-class        =

|super-class        =

|class              = Flavobacteria

|class              = [[:Category:Flavobacteria|Flavobacteria]]

|sub-class          =

|sub-class          =

|super-order        =

|super-order        =

|species            = ''F. columnare''

|species            = ''F. columnare''

}}

}}

Previously Known As: ''Bacillus columnaris — Chondrococcus columnaris — Cytophaga columnaris — Flexibacter columnaris''

 

Bacteria Previously Known As – ''Bacillus columnaris – Chondrococcus columnaris – Cytophaga columnaris – Flexibacter columnaris''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

[[File:Columnaris disease.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Columnaris Disease in the gills of a Chinook salmon. Wikimedia Commons]]

[[File:Columnaris disease.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Columnaris Disease in the gills of a Chinook salmon. Wikimedia Commons]]

''F. columnare'' is the '''gram negative, aerobic, rod shaped [[Bacteria|bacterium]]''' responsible for '''Columnaris disease''' in fish.<ref> Bernardet, J. F., Segers, P., Vancanneyt, M., Berthe, F., Kersters, K., Vandamme, P (1996) '''Cutting a gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978)'''. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 46:128-148</ref>  

''F. columnare'' is the '''gram negative, aerobic, rod shaped [[Bacteria|bacterium]]''' responsible for '''Columnaris disease''' in fish.<ref> Bernardet, J. F., Segers, P., Vancanneyt, M., Berthe, F., Kersters, K., Vandamme, P (1996) '''Cutting a gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978)'''. ''International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology'', 46:128-148</ref>  

This disease is not zoonotic.  

This disease is not zoonotic.  

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Worldwide. The organism is '''ubiquitous''' in aquatic environments.

Worldwide. The organism is '''ubiquitous''' in aquatic freshwater environments.

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

A huge range of fish hosts can be infected including the '''trout and salmon family, eels, goldfish, Siamese fighting fish, catfish and bass species'''. Cultured fish, free ranging fish and aquarium fish can all be affected although cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern.

A huge range of fish hosts can be infected including the '''trout and salmon family, eels, goldfish, Siamese fighting fish, catfish and bass species'''. Cultured fish, free ranging fish and aquarium fish can all be affected although cultured fish reared in ponds or raceways are the primary concern. It is not recognised as a problem in wild fish populations.

Columnaris disease can occur in cool and warm water fish, but is '''most prevalent in air temperatures above 12-14⁰C'''.

Columnaris disease can occur in cool and warm water fish, but is '''most prevalent in air temperatures above 12-14⁰C'''.

Skin abrasions, husbandry stressors and warm water all increase the risk and prevalence of infection.

Skin abrasions, husbandry stressors such as overcrowding, poor nutrition, underlying diseases and warm water all increase the risk and prevalence of infection.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

'''Potassium permanganate''' can be applied externally to adult fish and fry but can be toxic at high concentrations.

'''Potassium permanganate''', copper sulphate and hydrogen peroxide can be applied externally to adult fish and fry but can be toxic at high concentrations.

'''Terramycin''' can also be added to feed for adults, fry or broodstock, but resistance is emerging.  

'''Terramycin''' can also be added to feed for adults, fry or broodstock, but resistance is emerging.  

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Columnaris Disease Flashcards]]

|flashcards = [[Columnaris Disease Flashcards]]

}}

}}

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

Animal Health & Production Compendium, Flavobacterium columnare datasheet, accessed 11/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Starliper, C.E. and Schill, W.B. 2011. '''Flavobacterial Diseases: Coldwater Disease, Columnaris Disease, and Bacterial Gill Diseases'''. In: '''Fish Diseases and Disorders Volume 3''': Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections, 2nd. Edition (eds. P.T.K. Woo and D.W. Bruno), ''CABI'', Wallingford, UK, pp. 606-631

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/Default.aspx?site=160&page=2144&LoadModule=datasheet&CompID=3&dsID=87918 columnaris disease] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=82792&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Flavobacterium columnare'']

 

 

Animal Health & Production Compendium, Columnaris disease datasheet, accessed 11/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]