Difference between revisions of "Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae"

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| Also known as:
 
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| ''M.hyopneumoniae''
 
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{{Taxobox
 
{{Taxobox
 
|name = ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''
 
|name = ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''
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|order = Mycoplasmatales
 
|order = Mycoplasmatales
 
|family = Mycoplasmataceae
 
|family = Mycoplasmataceae
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|genus = Mycoplasma
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|genus = [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|Mycoplasma]]
 
|species = ''M.hyopneumoniae''
 
|species = ''M.hyopneumoniae''
 
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==Introduction==
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'''''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae''''' is a very '''small, gram positive [[Bacteria|bacterial]] pathogen.''' It is round in shape and stores its DNA in a nucleolus and in fibrillar cytoplasmic material.
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Culture of ''M. hyopneumoniae'' is difficult and time-consuming and requires specialised media. It grows slowly, requires 5-10% carbon dioxide and produces an acid colour shift. Because of the time taken, contamination is very common, especially with other [[Mycoplasmas]].
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==Pathogenesis==
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''M. hyopneumoniae'' '''adheres to the cilia of the respiratory tract'''<ref>Zielinski, G. C., Ross, R. F (1993) '''Adherence of ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' to porcine ciliated respiratory tract cells.''' ''American J Vet Research'', 54(8):1262-1269; 27</ref>, causing '''ciliostasis, clumping and loss.'''<ref>Debey, M. C., Ross, R. F (1994) '''Ciliostasis and loss of cilia induced by ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' in porcine tracheal organ cultures'''. ''Infection and Immunity'', 62(12):5312-5318; 33</ref> This is followed by '''loss of epithelial cells and goblet cells'''. <ref>Debey, M. C., Jacobson, C. D., Ross, R. F (1992) '''Histochemical and morphologic changes of porcine airway epithelial cells in response to infection with ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'''''. ''American Journal of Veterinary Research'', 53(9):1705-1710; 28</ref> This '''reduces the efficacy of mucociliary clearance and allows the colonisation''' of the secondary pathogens that are usually involved in [[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs|Enzootic Pneumonia]].
  
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''M.hyopneumoniae'' is a species of the ''[[Mycoplasmas species - Overview|Mycoplasmas]]'' genus. It causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Enzootic pneumonia of pigs|Enzootic pneumonia of pigs]].
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''M. hyopneumoniae'' also alters many other aspects of the host’s immune system, including [[B cells|B]] and [[T cells|T lymphocyte]] driven immunity, alveolar [[macrophages]] and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.
  
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'''Mononuclear infiltration''' of peribronchiolar and perivascular areas is the basis of pneumonic lesions and often causes the formation of lymphoid nodules when disease is chronic, as it often is.
  
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''M.hyopneumoniae'' occurs in unfavourable conditions with poor ventilation, overcrowding and temperature fluctuations. It results in stunted growth rates, coughing and occasionally respiratory distress due to consolidation in apical and cardiac lung lobes.
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Pathogenicity and severity of disease are stipulated by the presence and interaction of ''M. hyopneumoniae'' with other pathogens.
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==Diseases==
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''M. hyopneumoniae'' causes '''[[Enzootic Pneumonia - Pigs|enzootic pneumonia in pigs]]'''.
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{{Learning
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|flashcards = [[Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Flashcards|''M. hyopneumoniae'' Flashcards]]
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|literature search=
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Mycoplasma+hyopneumoniae%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=69&y=10&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'' publications]
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}}
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==References==
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<references/>
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{{CABI source
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|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=74548&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 ''Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae'']
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|date =25 June 2011
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}}
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Immunofluorescence of lung tissue and complement fixation test or ELISA can be used for identification of ''M.hyopneumoniae''. Treatment includes in-feed antibiotics such as tylosin, lincomycin and tiamulin. It is absent in specific-pathogen-free herds.
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{{review}}
  
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[[Category:CABI Expert Review]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]
 
[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
 
[[Category:Mycoplasmas]]
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[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]
 

Latest revision as of 14:40, 17 August 2012


Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae
Phylum Firmicutes
Class Mollicutes
Order Mycoplasmatales
Family Mycoplasmataceae
Genus Mycoplasma
Species M.hyopneumoniae

Introduction

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae is a very small, gram positive bacterial pathogen. It is round in shape and stores its DNA in a nucleolus and in fibrillar cytoplasmic material.

Culture of M. hyopneumoniae is difficult and time-consuming and requires specialised media. It grows slowly, requires 5-10% carbon dioxide and produces an acid colour shift. Because of the time taken, contamination is very common, especially with other Mycoplasmas.

Pathogenesis

M. hyopneumoniae adheres to the cilia of the respiratory tract[1], causing ciliostasis, clumping and loss.[2] This is followed by loss of epithelial cells and goblet cells. [3] This reduces the efficacy of mucociliary clearance and allows the colonisation of the secondary pathogens that are usually involved in Enzootic Pneumonia.

M. hyopneumoniae also alters many other aspects of the host’s immune system, including B and T lymphocyte driven immunity, alveolar macrophages and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Mononuclear infiltration of peribronchiolar and perivascular areas is the basis of pneumonic lesions and often causes the formation of lymphoid nodules when disease is chronic, as it often is.

Pathogenicity and severity of disease are stipulated by the presence and interaction of M. hyopneumoniae with other pathogens.

Diseases

M. hyopneumoniae causes enzootic pneumonia in pigs.



Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae Learning Resources
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Flashcards
Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions 		M. hyopneumoniae Flashcards
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Literature Search
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(CABI log in required) 		Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae publications



References

  1. ↑ Zielinski, G. C., Ross, R. F (1993) Adherence of Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae to porcine ciliated respiratory tract cells. American J Vet Research, 54(8):1262-1269; 27
  2. ↑ Debey, M. C., Ross, R. F (1994) Ciliostasis and loss of cilia induced by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in porcine tracheal organ cultures. Infection and Immunity, 62(12):5312-5318; 33
  3. ↑ Debey, M. C., Jacobson, C. D., Ross, R. F (1992) Histochemical and morphologic changes of porcine airway epithelial cells in response to infection with Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 53(9):1705-1710; 28


CABIlogo

This article was originally sourced from The Animal Health & Production Compendium (AHPC) published online by CABI during the OVAL Project.

The datasheet was accessed on 25 June 2011.









 This article has been peer reviewed but is awaiting expert review. If you would like to help with this, please see more information about expert reviewing.



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