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Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (view source)
Revision as of 14:45, 17 August 2012
, 14:45, 17 August 2012no edit summary
Also Known As –'''''Coronaviral Encephalomyelitis - Coronaviral Enteritis – Epidemic Viral Diarrhoea – Ontario Encephalitis - PED – EVD – TOO (The Other One)'''''
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Also Known As: '''''Coronaviral Encephalomyelitis — Coronaviral Enteritis — Epidemic Viral Diarrhoea — Ontario Encephalitis — PED — EVD — TOO (The Other One)'''''
Caused By – ''Porcine - Diarrhoea Virus – PEDV – CV777''
Caused By: '''''Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea Virus — PEDV — CV777'''''
==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea is a ''' [[Nervous System|neurological]] and [[Alimentary System|gastrointestinal]] disease''' of pigs caused by a ''' [[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]].'''
Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED) is a '''gastrointestinal disease''' of pigs caused by a '''[[Coronaviridae|coronavirus]].'''
PED is very similar to the coronavirus that causes '''[[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus]] (TGE)''', also in pigs.
==Distribution==
==Distribution==
Worldwide
Worldwide. Transmission is purely '''faecal-oral.'''
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
Disease is most severe in '''neonatal pigs''' as they are more susceptible to dehydration.
Disease is most severe in '''neonatal pigs''' as they are more susceptible to dehydration.
==Clinical Signs==
==Clinical Signs==
Generally, mortality is very low and the disease is mild.
'''Gastrointestinal''' disease presents with '''watery [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]], vomiting/regurgitation and anorexia'''. In more severe cases there may be pyrexia, mild dehydration and signs of abdominal pain.
In some cases '''mortality''' in neonatal pigs is increased and may reach up to '''50% in pigs <1 week of age''', but it is generally not as high as with [[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus|TGE]].
'''Acute back muscle necrosis''' has been observed in some finishing pigs with PED, causing sudden deaths.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
PED can be demonstrated by '''[[Immunofluorescence]] (IF) or Immunohistochemistry (IHC)''' applied to sections of small intestines from pigs '''euthanased less than 1 day after the onset of diarrhoea.''' This is the most sensitive, reliable and rapid method of achieving definitive diagnosis.
PED '''antigen''' can be detected via '''[[ELISA testing|ELISA]]''' from '''faeces'''. This is useful for group disease screening.
PED '''antibodies''' can be detected serologically via '''IF and ELISA'''. High titres may persist for up to one year after infection.
On '''post-mortem, the small intestine is filled with yellow fluid''' and distended.
On '''post-mortem, the small intestine is filled with yellow fluid''' and distended.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
'''Free access to water'''.
Treatment is supportive by providing '''free access to water'''. '''Electrolyte solutions and energy supplements''' are recommended in piglets. '''Withholding feed''' is advisable in fattening swine.
'''Electrolyte solutions and energy supplements''' are recommended in piglets.
'''Withholding feed''' is advisable in fattening swine.
==Control==
==Control==
'''Biosecurity''' can prevent introduction of virus to farms by animal and human traffic.
'''Biosecurity''' can prevent introduction of virus to farms by animal and human traffic.
'''Deliberate transmission''' of PEDV by spreading virus contaminated faeces in with pregnant sows has been used to '''stimulate lactogenic immunity''' and shorten the disease on the farm by protecting neonatal stock.
'''Deliberate transmission''' of PED by spreading virus contaminated faeces in with pregnant sows has been used to '''stimulate lactogenic immunity''' and shorten the disease on the farm by protecting neonatal stock. This can be a dangerous practice if sows are within 14 days of farrowing as abortions may occur. The diagnosis must be confirmed before this is attempted.
When several consecutive litters are affected, movement onto the farm should be stopped and all pigs born within a four week period should be relocated to a different site.
When several consecutive litters are affected, movement onto the farm should be stopped and all pigs born within a four week period should be relocated to a different site.
PED is not deemed of enough economical importance to require a vaccine.
{{Learning
{{Learning
==References==
==References==
<references/>
<references/>
{{CABI source
|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=68594&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 porcine epidemic diarrhoea] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=68586&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 porcine epidemic diarrhoea virus]
|date =19 June 2011
}}
<br><br>
{{Mandy Nevel
|date = 09 September 2011
}}
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[[Category:Coronaviridae]]
[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]
[[Category:Pig Viruses]]
[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Pig]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Pig]]
[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]