Changes

Also Known As – '''''SVC — Swim Bladder Inflammation - SBI'''''

Also Known As: '''''SVC — Swim Bladder Inflammation — SBI'''''

Caused By – ''Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus – SVCV – Rhabdovirus Carpio – RVC''

Caused By: '''''Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus — SVCV — Rhabdovirus Carpio — RVC''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Spring Viraemia of Carp is caused by a '''bullet shaped [[Rhabdoviridae|Rhabdovirus]]'''. It is an '''acute, systemic, contagious disease primarily affecting carp'''. The effects of the virus further down the food chain in predators is unknown.

Spring Viraemia of Carp is caused by a '''bullet shaped [[Rhabdoviridae|Rhabdovirus]]'''. It is also known as Rhabdovirus carpio and it causes an '''acute, systemic, contagious disease primarily affecting carp'''. The effects of the virus further down the food chain (in predators) is unknown.

The disease s not zoonotic.

The disease is not zoonotic.

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Carp are mainly affected, although goldfish and other species have also been found with the disease. . Carp of all four varieties can be infected. There is no age susceptibility, although '''seasonality produces trends at 9-12 and 21-24 months old'''.  

Carp are mainly affected, although goldfish and other species have also been found with the disease. Carp of all four varieties can be infected. There is no age susceptibility, although '''seasonality produces trends at 9-12 and 21-24 months old'''.  

'''Feral carp''' are more vulnerable than farmed varieties.  

'''Feral carp''' are more vulnerable than farmed varieties.  

Mortalities are common.  

Mortalities are common.  

Where fish can be easily visualised, '''long thick mucoid casts''' will be visible from the vent. Fish are often anaemic due to viral invasion and multiplication within haematopoietic tissues.  

Where fish can be easily visualised, '''long thick mucoid casts''' from the vent will be noticed . Fish are often anaemic due to viral invasion and multiplication within haematopoietic tissues.  

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by '''virus isolation or direct Immunofluorescence''' (IF)<ref> Faisal, M., Ahne, W (1984) '''Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV): comparison of immunoperoxidase, fluorescent antibody and cell culture isolation techniques for detection of antigen'''. J Fish Diseases, 7(1):57-64</ref> or '''[[ELISA testing|ELISA]]'''.<ref> Rodák, L., Pospísil, Z., Tománek, J., Vesely, T., Obr, T., Valícek, L (1993) '''Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) in tissue homogenates of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L'''. J Fish Diseases, 16(2):101-111</ref> Ideally, IF or ELISA diagnosis should be confirmed by virus isolation (VI). Decomposed carcasses however will seldom produce results. '''Virus Neutralisation''' can be used as an alternative or accompaniment to virus isolation. '''Nested PCR''' and RT-PCR are available of which the former is the more sensitive.

Definitive diagnosis can be achieved by '''virus isolation or direct [[immunofluorescence]]''' (IF)<ref> Faisal, M., Ahne, W (1984) '''Spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV): comparison of immunoperoxidase, fluorescent antibody and cell culture isolation techniques for detection of antigen'''. ''J Fish Diseases'', 7(1):57-64</ref> or '''[[ELISA testing|ELISA]]'''.<ref> Rodák, L., Pospísil, Z., Tománek, J., Vesely, T., Obr, T., Valícek, L (1993) '''Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of spring viraemia of carp virus (SVCV) in tissue homogenates of the carp, Cyprinus carpio L'''. ''J Fish Diseases'', 16(2):101-111</ref> Ideally, IF or ELISA diagnosis should be confirmed by virus isolation (VI). Decomposed carcasses however will seldom produce results. '''Virus neutralisation''' can be used as an alternative or accompaniment to virus isolation. '''Nested PCR''' and RT-PCR are available of which the former is the more sensitive.

Identification of SVCV is also possible by molecular biology methods such as ribonuclease protection assays, which are more reliable but more advanced and less widely available.  

Identification of SVCV is also possible by molecular biology methods such as ribonuclease protection assays, which are more reliable but more advanced and less widely available.  

==Control==

==Control==

The virus is inactivated by lipid solvents, heating >60⁰ for 15minutes, glycerol, ozone, gamma radiation, UV light, extremes of pH, formalin and both acid and alkaline solvents. Virus infectivity is retained in tap water and mud for 6 weeks.

The virus is inactivated by lipid solvents, heating >60⁰ for 15 minutes, glycerol, ozone, gamma radiation, UV light, extremes of pH, formalin and both acid and alkaline solvents. Virus infectivity is retained in tap water and mud for 6 weeks.

 

Regular physical and chemical disinfection of equipment, careful handling of fish to reduce stress and safe disposal of dead fish can reduce the severity of outbreaks.

{{Learning

{{Learning

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Spring Viraemia of Carp Virus datasheet''', accessed 06/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

Sano, M., Naki, T. and Fijan, N. (2011) '''Viral Diseases and Agents of Warmwater Fish.''' In: '''Fish Diseases and Disorders, Volume 3: Viral, Bacterial and Fungal Infections,''' 2nd edition (eds. Woo, P.T.K. and Bruno, D.W.), ''CABI'', Wallingford, UK. Pp. 166-244.

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=96466&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160  spring viraemia of carp] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=66991&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 spring viraemia of carp virus]

 

 

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Spring Viraemia of Carp datasheet''', accessed 06/07/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

[[Category:Rhabdoviridae]]

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]]

[[Category:Fish Diseases]]

[[Category:CABI Expert Review Completed]][[Category:CABI AHPC Pages]]