Difference between revisions of "Herpesviridae"

From WikiVet English
Jump to navigation Jump to search
(Redirected page to Category:Herpesviridae)
(17 intermediate revisions by 3 users not shown)
Line 1: Line 1:
#REDIRECT[[:Category:Herpesviridae]]
+
<big><center>[[Viruses|'''BACK TO VIRUSES''']]</center></big>
 +
 
 +
 
 +
==Introduction==
 +
 
 +
*Equine herpes virus 1 and 4 in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], see [[Viral infections#Equine rhinopneumonitis|respiratory infections]]
 +
*Canine herpes virus 1 in [[Viral infections#Canine herpes virus|respiratory disease]]
 +
 
 +
*In [[Viral skin infections#Herpesviruses|skin infections]]
 +
**Bovine herpes virus 1, 2 4
 +
**Equine herpes virus 3
 +
**Feline herpes virus 1
 +
 
 +
===Feline herpesvirus -1===
 +
 
 +
*Feline viral rhinotracheitis in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]], see [[Viral infections#Feline viral rhinotracheitis|respiratory infections]]
 +
**One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
 +
***Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is FHV-1, and less frequently feline calicivirus and/or [[Chlamydia and Chlamydophila species|''Chlamydophia psittaci'']] (NB: previously called Chlamydia psittaci var felis)
 +
***All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium
 +
***Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis
 +
***C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis
 +
***Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, with expected clinical signs
 +
***Resolution of clinical signs usually occurs by 7-14 days.
 +
***FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress. Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis.
 +
***Occasional mortality in kitten or immunocompromised animals usually associated with secondary bacterial infection.
 +
 
 +
 
 +
===Bovine herpesvirus -1===
 +
* Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves; and [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]]
 +
*Causes [[Viral infections#Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)|'''Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)''']]
 +
*Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
 +
*High morbidity, low mortality
 +
*Aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
 +
*BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
 +
**leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing.
 +
**with secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death.
 +
*Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate.
 +
*Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection.
 +
*Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation
 +
 
 +
*Also causes infectious vulvovaginitis/balanoposthitis and meningoencephalitis
 +
*May contribute to [[Bacterial infections#Enzootic pneumonia of calves|Enzootic pneumonia of calves]]
 +
 
 +
===Inclusion body rhinitis (porcine cytomegalovirus)===
 +
*in [[Nasal cavity - inflammatory#Infectious causes of rhinitis|rhinitis]] and sometimes in [[Bacterial infections#In Pigs|atrophic rhinitis]] progressing to [[Lungs - inflammatory#Infectious causes of pneumonia|pneumonia]], see [[Viral infections#Inclusion body rhinitis|Inclusion body rhinitis]]
 +
 
 +
*Cytomegaloviruses
 +
**Porcine cytomegalovirus
 +
***Causes Inclusion body rhinitis
 +
****Disease of suckling piglets 1-5 wks of age
 +
****Clinical signs: those associated with acute/subacute rhinitis (ie: serous nasal discharge, progressing to catarrhal or purulent discharge with time and secondary bacterial infections; sneezing; pyrexia)
 +
****Morbitity high, mortality low
 +
****Histology: large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasal and sinus respiratory epithelium with lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa.
 +
****Can develop viraemic stage, with inclusions in other organs eg: renal tubular epithelium. Piglets can die during this phase.
 +
 
 +
==Alphaherpesviridae==
 +
==Betaherpesviridae==
 +
==Gammaherpesviridae==
 +
[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva#Malignant Catarrhal Fever|Alcephaline-1 Virus]]

Revision as of 14:25, 6 March 2008

BACK TO VIRUSES


Introduction

  • In skin infections
    • Bovine herpes virus 1, 2 4
    • Equine herpes virus 3
    • Feline herpes virus 1

Feline herpesvirus -1

  • Feline viral rhinotracheitis in rhinitis, see respiratory infections
    • One of the causes of Feline viral rhinotracheitis
      • Viruses and bacteria are involved in the complex. The most frequent aetiologic agent is FHV-1, and less frequently feline calicivirus and/or Chlamydophia psittaci (NB: previously called Chlamydia psittaci var felis)
      • All three agents infect URT respiratory epithelium, although FHV-1 has the highest affinity for this epithelium
      • Feline calicivirus more frequently infects the oral mucosa -> ulcerative stomatitis
      • C.psittaci more frequently infects the conjunctival epithelium -> chronic conjunctivitis
      • Infection of the respiratory epithelium by FHV-1 results in a typical neutrophilic rhinitis with intraepitheial intranuclear eosinophilic inclusion bodies, with expected clinical signs
      • Resolution of clinical signs usually occurs by 7-14 days.
      • FHV-1 remains latent in the trigeminal ganglion, and can reactivate at times of stress. Can infect the cornea -> ulcerative keratitis.
      • Occasional mortality in kitten or immunocompromised animals usually associated with secondary bacterial infection.


Bovine herpesvirus -1

  • Bovine herpesvirus - 1 (Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus) contributes to undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea, a mixed viral enteritis in calves; and rhinitis
  • Causes Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR)
  • Highly infectious URT disease of cattle
  • High morbidity, low mortality
  • Aerosol transmission - requires close contact between animals
  • BHV-1 infects the respiratory mucosal epithelial cells (intranuclear inclusion eosinophilic inclusion bodies)from nasal mucosa down to bronchioles
    • leading to neutrophilic inflammation of varying severity.... serous -> catarrhal -> purulent nasal discharge, sneezing, coughing.
    • with secondary bacterial infection (eg: Pasturella spp., Mycoplasma spp., Fusobacterium necrophorum) can lead to fibrinous to necrotizing inflammation; mucosal sloughing, ulceration... pyrexia, dyspnoea ... inhalation pneumonia... death.
  • Clinical signs include coughing, discharge, lacrimation, and increased respiratory rate.
  • Clinical disease most severe in young calves - can develop mucosal ulcerative lesions in the oesophagus and forestomachs and viraemia with multiorgan infection.
  • Cause of abortion >5 months of gestation

Inclusion body rhinitis (porcine cytomegalovirus)

  • Cytomegaloviruses
    • Porcine cytomegalovirus
      • Causes Inclusion body rhinitis
        • Disease of suckling piglets 1-5 wks of age
        • Clinical signs: those associated with acute/subacute rhinitis (ie: serous nasal discharge, progressing to catarrhal or purulent discharge with time and secondary bacterial infections; sneezing; pyrexia)
        • Morbitity high, mortality low
        • Histology: large basophilic intranuclear inclusion bodies in the nasal and sinus respiratory epithelium with lymphocytic infiltration of the mucosa.
        • Can develop viraemic stage, with inclusions in other organs eg: renal tubular epithelium. Piglets can die during this phase.

Alphaherpesviridae

Betaherpesviridae

Gammaherpesviridae

Alcephaline-1 Virus