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→Pathogenesis
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−<big><center>[[Enterobacteriaceae|'''BACK TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE''']]</center></big>+<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
−<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
−
+***Acute, frequently fatal enterotoxaemia of weaned pigs+
−***Associated with particular haemolytic serotypes of ''E. coli''
−***Verotoxin (Shiga toxin II e) released in the small intestine and carried in the bloodstream
−***Haemolysin production
−***Subcutaneous and subserosal oedema
−***Peracute disease affecting particulary healthy piglets
−***Mortality rate 30%-90%
−***Antimicrobial treatment effective if administered in time
<big><center>[[Enterobacteriaceae|'''BACK TO ENTEROBACTERIACEAE''']]</center></big>+<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>+<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
{{review}}
−===''Eschericia coli'' (''E. coli'') overview===
===''Eschericia coli'' (''E. coli'') overview===
−[[File:Ecoli.jpg|200px|right]]
*Member of ''Enterobacteriacae'' family of Gram-negative bacilli
*Member of ''Enterobacteriacae'' family of Gram-negative bacilli
*'''Facultative anaerobe'''
*'''Facultative anaerobe'''
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*Capsular polysaccharides produced by some strains prevent phagocytosis and interfere with complement
*Capsular polysaccharides produced by some strains prevent phagocytosis and interfere with complement
*Endotoxin is a lipolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and various side chains
*Endotoxin is a lipolysaccharide component of the cell wall of Gram-negative bacteria, composed of lipid A, a core polysaccharide and various side chains
−*'''Endotoxin''' is realeased when bacteria die, and causes endothelial damage leading to [[General Pathology - Thrombosis#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|'''disseminated intravascular coagulation''']] and e'''ndotoxic shock'''; it is also a '''pyrogen'''
+*'''Endotoxin''' is realeased when bacteria die, and causes endothelial damage leading to [[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|'''disseminated intravascular coagulation''']] and '''endotoxic shock'''; it is also a '''pyrogen'''
*Enterotoxins, verotoxins and cytotoxic necrotising factors produced by many pathogenic ''E. coli''; these produce cell damage at their site of action
*Enterotoxins, verotoxins and cytotoxic necrotising factors produced by many pathogenic ''E. coli''; these produce cell damage at their site of action
*'''Alpha-haemolysin''' may increase iron availability for invading organisms
*'''Alpha-haemolysin''' may increase iron availability for invading organisms
*'''Siderophores''' are made by certain pathogenic strains, and are responsible for iron aquisition; they include aerobactin and enterobactin
*'''Siderophores''' are made by certain pathogenic strains, and are responsible for iron aquisition; they include aerobactin and enterobactin
−==Extra-intestinal infection==
==Extra-intestinal infection==
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***Most common organism infecting urinary tract
***Most common organism infecting urinary tract
***Ascending infections of urinary tract
***Ascending infections of urinary tract
−***Causes pyometra in the dog and cat and [[Kidney - Tubulointerstitial disease#Pyelonephritis|pyelonephritis]]
+***Causes pyometra in the dog and cat and [[Pyelonephritis|pyelonephritis]]
***Cystitis in the bitch
***Cystitis in the bitch
***Prostatitis in dogs via opportunistic infection
***Prostatitis in dogs via opportunistic infection
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***Death within 24-48 hours during peracute disease
***Death within 24-48 hours during peracute disease
***Animals depressed with sunken eyes
***Animals depressed with sunken eyes
−**[[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Colibacillosis|'''Colibacillosis''']]:
+**[[Colibacillosis|'''Colibacillosis''']]:
***Avian:
***Avian:
****Septicaemia in newly-hatched chickens
****Septicaemia in newly-hatched chickens
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****Occurs in older birds via inhalation of ''E. coli'' in dust; respiratory infection spreads to the blood to cause acute colisepticaemia
****Occurs in older birds via inhalation of ''E. coli'' in dust; respiratory infection spreads to the blood to cause acute colisepticaemia
****Airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis during acute phase
****Airsacculitis, pericarditis and perihepatitis during acute phase
−****Often secondary to virus or [[Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'']] infection or environmental stress
+****Often secondary to virus or [[:Category:Mycoplasmas|''mycoplasma'']] infection or environmental stress
**'''Colisepticaemia''':
**'''Colisepticaemia''':
***Systemic disease in young calves, piglets, foals, lambs
***Systemic disease in young calves, piglets, foals, lambs
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***Virulence related to adhesive properties, complement resistance and ability for iron aquisition
***Virulence related to adhesive properties, complement resistance and ability for iron aquisition
***Ammonia, dust, viral infections and temperature changes enhance likelihood of disease
***Ammonia, dust, viral infections and temperature changes enhance likelihood of disease
−**[[Stomach and Abomasum - Inflammation#Oedema Disease In The Pig|'''Oedema disease of pigs''']]:
+**[[Oedema Disease|'''Oedema disease of pigs''']]:
−**'''Watery mouth of lambs''':
**'''Watery mouth of lambs''':
***Affects lambs under three days old
***Affects lambs under three days old
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***Severe depression, anorexia, salivation and abdominal distension
***Severe depression, anorexia, salivation and abdominal distension
***Morbidity and mortality high
***Morbidity and mortality high
−** [[Intestines - Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic ulcerative colitis]] in the dog and cat.
+** [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease#Histiocytic Ulcerative Colitis|Histiocytic ulcerative colitis]] in the dog and cat.
−** Causes [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritoneal cavity - inflammatory#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
+** Causes [[Peritonitis - Cats and Dogs|peritonitis in dogs]] and [[Peritonitis#In pigs|peritonitis in pigs]]
−**Found in [[Bones - inflammatory#Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]
+**Found in [[Osteomyelitis|osteomyelitis]]
−**Associated with neonatal [[Joints - inflammatory#In Cattle|polyarthritis of calves]]
+**Associated with neonatal [[Infectious Arthritis#In Cattle|polyarthritis of calves]]
−**In [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]]
+**In [[Deep Pyoderma|deep pyoderma]]
−**Found in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
+**Found in [[Infectious Arthritis#In Horses|arthritis of horses]]
==Intestinal infection==
==Intestinal infection==
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*''E. coli'' is part of the flora of the large intestine, but is not usually found in the small intestine
*''E. coli'' is part of the flora of the large intestine, but is not usually found in the small intestine
*Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species
*Some strains possess fimbrae which attach the bacteria to the small intestinal epithelium of particular animal species
−*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[General Pathology - Haemorrhage#Dysentery|dysentery]]
+*''E. coli'' may cause diarrhoea via attaching and effacing lesions, where bacteria adhere intimately to the enterocyte, and cause localised effacement of the brush border microvilli; the epithelial erosion causes [[Haemorrhage#Dysentery|dysentery]]
*'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''':
*'''Enterotoxigenic ''E. coli'' (ETEC)''':
**General:
**General:
−*** Contributes to [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves, also known as enteric colibacillosis
+*** Contributes to [[Calf Diarrhoea, Undifferentiated Neonatal|undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves, also known as enteric colibacillosis
***Causes scours in pigs, calves and lambs
***Causes scours in pigs, calves and lambs
***'Traveller's diarrhoea' in humans
***'Traveller's diarrhoea' in humans
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*****Activates guanylate cyclase in enteric epithelial cells, stimulating fluid secretion
*****Activates guanylate cyclase in enteric epithelial cells, stimulating fluid secretion
**Clinical signs:
**Clinical signs:
−***The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Intestines - diarrhoea#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results
+***The gut becomes distended with fluid and a [[Diarrhoea#Secretory Diarrhoeas|secretory diarrhoea]] which lasts several days results
***Watery diarrhoea, dehydration, acidosis, death
***Watery diarrhoea, dehydration, acidosis, death
−**Immunuty:
+**Immunity:
***LT is antigenic
***LT is antigenic
***Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen
***Immunity is developed via production of antibody to LT protein and fimbrial antigen
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**Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive
**Strains do not product LT or ST and are not enteroinvasive
**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production
**Attaching and effacing lesions, unrelated to toxin production
−**[[General Pathology - Thrombosis#Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] and thrombus formation
+**[[Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation|Disseminated intravascular coagulation]] and thrombus formation
**''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans
**''E. coli'' O157:H7 causes haemorrhagic collitis-haemolytic uraemic syndrome in humans
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**Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae
**Important virulence factors include toxin and fimbriae
+==in cattle==
+
+
+*Neonatal polyarthritis:
+**[[Escherichia coli|'''''Coliforms''''']]
+***Localises in joints and meninges in severe non-fatal neonatal colibacillosis
+***May remain as chronic arthritis in larger joints
−[[Category:Enterobacteriaceae]]
−[[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]]
−