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Diseases of the nasal cavity and sinuses (view source)
Revision as of 21:23, 29 November 2006
, 21:23, 29 November 2006→Pathology of the upper airways
==Pathology of the upper airways==
==Pathology of the upper airways==
===Developmental abnormalities===
*Palatoschisis
*Nasal deviation
*All brachycephalic dog and cat breeds!
**Esp. English Bulldogs - stenotic nares, wide/long soft palate, hypoplastic trachea
===CIrculatory diseases===
*Epistaxis
**Haemorrhage from the nose
**Causes
***Inflammation eg: ulcerative rhinitis
***Neoplasia eg: infiltrating tumour, haemangioma
***Trauma
***Clotting defects
**Horse:
***Haemorrhagic nasal polyp
****'Ethmoid haematoma', 'Progressive haematoma' - arise from the ethmoid region and can extend to fill the nasal cavity. They can be difficult to control as they can recur after surgery.
****Histology - multiple areas of acute to chronic haemorrhage within a fibrous tissue stroma.
***Exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage
===Inflammatory disease===
*Inflammation in the URT can be classified on:
**Location
***Nasal cavity - rhinitis
***Paranasal sinuses - sinusitis
***Guttural pouch and eustachian tube - eustachitis
***Pharynx - pharyngitis
**Type
**Type
***Grossly many inflammatory processes (eg: response to viral or bacterial infection) in the URT will begin as a serous discharge, and then progress to a catarrhal exudate, and then to purulent/pseudomembranous/haemorrhagic as neutrophils are recruited
***Grossly many inflammatory processes (eg: response to viral or bacterial infection) in the URT will begin as a serous discharge, and then progress to a catarrhal exudate, and then to purulent/pseudomembranous/haemorrhagic as neutrophils are recruited