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* Linked to:
* Linked to:
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
** [[Intestines - Catarrhal Enteritis#Undifferentiated Neonatal Calf Diarrhoea|Undifferentiated neonatal calf diarrhoea]], a mixed viral enteritis in calves.
===Overview===
===Overview===
*Thermophilic species - ''C. jejuni, C. coli''
*Thermophilic species - ''C. jejuni, C. coli''
*Non-thermophilic species e.g. ''C. fetus''
*Non-thermophilic species e.g. ''C. fetus''
*Grow on enriched media e.g. Skirrow agar in 1-10% carbon dioxide and 5-10% oxygen tension
*Grow on enriched selective media e.g. Skirrow agar in 1-10% carbon dioxide and 5-10% oxygen tension
*''C. jejuni'' requires increased temperatures for growth
*''C. jejuni'' requires increased temperatures for growth
*Many grow on MacConkey
*Many grow on MacConkey
*Antigens of S layer undergoes antigenic shifts in ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'', allowing persistence in the host
*Antigens of S layer undergoes antigenic shifts in ''C. fetus'' subspecies ''venerealis'', allowing persistence in the host
*''C. jejuni'' attaches and invades host enterocytes and produces enterotoxin-like substances
*''C. jejuni'' attaches and invades host enterocytes and produces enterotoxin-like substances
*Flagellae of ''C. jejuni'' required for colonisation
===''Campylobacter jejuni''===
===[[Intestines - disease due to pathogens#Campylobacter jejuni|''Campylobacter jejuni'']]===
*Widespread on farms - hyperendemic
*Widespread on farms - hyperendemic
*Carried as commensals in intestines of cattle, sheep, dogs, wild birds and especially chickens
*Farm animals regularly exposed via faecal-oral route; maternal antibody protects while active immunity develops
*Farm animals regularly exposed via faecal-oral route; maternal antibody protects while active immunity develops
*Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans, pets
*Animals with little exposure are very susceptible, e.g. humans, pets
*Most chicken carcasses contaminated, leading to food poisoning and enterocolitis in people from uncooked meat
*Most chicken carcasses contaminated, leading to food poisoning in people
*Colonisation, attachment and invasion of colonic enterocytes; toxin production
*Necrosis of colonic absorptive epithelial cells, erosion of mucosa, crypt abscesses, inflammatory infiltrate of neutrophils into mucosa causes colitis
*Enteritis and diarrhoea in susceptible dogs; treatment with enrofloxacin
*Causes abortion in ewes
*Usually asymptomatic infections in chickens and turkeys, but occasional outbreaks of avian hepatitis occur with decreased egg production, loss of condition, haemorrhage and necrosis of liver; phase contrast microscopy demonstrates curved rods in bile; in-feed dihydrostreptomycin sulphate in outbreak