Difference between revisions of "Corynebacterium species"
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| − | # | + | <big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big> |
| + | <big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big> | ||
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| + | *''C. pyogenes'' in [[Joints - inflammatory#In Sheep|arthritis]] of sheep post-dipping joint infection and [[Joints - inflammatory#In Pigs|arthritis in pigs]] and [[Joints - inflammatory#In Cattle|arthritis in cattle]] | ||
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| + | *''Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis'' may cause [[Muscles - inflammatory#Abscesses|myositis]] | ||
| + | *''Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis'' in [[Bacterial skin infections#Deep pyoderma|deep pyoderma]] | ||
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| + | ===Overview=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Common inhabitants of skin and mucous membranes of animals | ||
| + | *Opportunistic infections | ||
| + | *Cause pyogenic infections | ||
| + | *Most species host specific | ||
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| + | |||
| + | ===Characteristics=== | ||
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| + | *Small, tough, Gram positive rods | ||
| + | *Pleomorphic | ||
| + | *Cluster together to resemble Chinese characters - coryneform morphology | ||
| + | *Known as diphtheroids | ||
| + | *Catalase positive, oxidase negative | ||
| + | *Facultative anaerobes | ||
| + | *Require enriched media for growth | ||
| + | *Non-motile | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity=== | ||
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| + | *Pyogenic causing suppurative infections except for ''C. bovis'' | ||
| + | *''C. bovis'' causes mild neutrophil response in teat canal of healthy dairy cows and may protect from more pathogenic bacteria | ||
| + | *''C. pseudotuberculosis'': | ||
| + | **Facultative intracellular pathogen inside macrophages | ||
| + | **Cell wall lipid | ||
| + | **Produces a phospholipase toxin which hydolyses sphingomyelin in mammalian cell membranes | ||
| + | **Phospholipase may enhance survival and multiplication in host in early stages | ||
| + | *''C. renale'' | ||
| + | **Urinary tract pathogens | ||
| + | **Produce urease and hydrolyse urea | ||
| + | **Possess fimbriae for attachment to urogenital mucosa | ||
| + | **Infection when immunity reduced or following tissue damage during parturition | ||
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| + | ===Clinical infections=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Infection follows tissue trauma | ||
| + | *''C. pseudotuberculosis'' casues caseous lymphadenitis in sheep | ||
| + | *Carried on skin of sheep | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Infection through shearing wounds | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Ulcerative lymphangitis in horses | ||
| + | |||
| + | |||
| + | ===Diagnosis=== | ||
| + | |||
| + | *Colony characteristics: | ||
| + | **''C. bovis'': lipophilic bacterium; small, white, dry, non-haemolytic colonies on plates inoculated with bovine milk | ||
| + | **''C. kutscheri'': white colonies; occasionally haemolytic | ||
| + | **''C. pseudotuberculosis'': small, white coloniess surrounded by narrow zone of complete haemolysis; colonies become dry and cream-coloured | ||
| + | **''C. renale'': small, non-haemolytic colonies after 24 hours; pigment produced after 48 hours | ||
| + | *Biochemical reactions: | ||
| + | **Certain strains of ''C. pseudotuberculosis'' reduce nitrates | ||
| + | **All pathogenic strains except ''C. bovis'' produce urease | ||
| + | *Enhancement of haemolysis produced by ''C. pseudotuberculosis'' when inoculated across a streak of ''Rhodococcus equi'' | ||
Revision as of 12:20, 18 May 2008
- C. pyogenes in arthritis of sheep post-dipping joint infection and arthritis in pigs and arthritis in cattle
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis may cause myositis
- Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis in deep pyoderma
Overview
- Common inhabitants of skin and mucous membranes of animals
- Opportunistic infections
- Cause pyogenic infections
- Most species host specific
Characteristics
- Small, tough, Gram positive rods
- Pleomorphic
- Cluster together to resemble Chinese characters - coryneform morphology
- Known as diphtheroids
- Catalase positive, oxidase negative
- Facultative anaerobes
- Require enriched media for growth
- Non-motile
Pathogenesis and pathogenicity
- Pyogenic causing suppurative infections except for C. bovis
- C. bovis causes mild neutrophil response in teat canal of healthy dairy cows and may protect from more pathogenic bacteria
- C. pseudotuberculosis:
- Facultative intracellular pathogen inside macrophages
- Cell wall lipid
- Produces a phospholipase toxin which hydolyses sphingomyelin in mammalian cell membranes
- Phospholipase may enhance survival and multiplication in host in early stages
- C. renale
- Urinary tract pathogens
- Produce urease and hydrolyse urea
- Possess fimbriae for attachment to urogenital mucosa
- Infection when immunity reduced or following tissue damage during parturition
Clinical infections
- Infection follows tissue trauma
- C. pseudotuberculosis casues caseous lymphadenitis in sheep
- Carried on skin of sheep
- Infection through shearing wounds
- Ulcerative lymphangitis in horses
Diagnosis
- Colony characteristics:
- C. bovis: lipophilic bacterium; small, white, dry, non-haemolytic colonies on plates inoculated with bovine milk
- C. kutscheri: white colonies; occasionally haemolytic
- C. pseudotuberculosis: small, white coloniess surrounded by narrow zone of complete haemolysis; colonies become dry and cream-coloured
- C. renale: small, non-haemolytic colonies after 24 hours; pigment produced after 48 hours
- Biochemical reactions:
- Certain strains of C. pseudotuberculosis reduce nitrates
- All pathogenic strains except C. bovis produce urease
- Enhancement of haemolysis produced by C. pseudotuberculosis when inoculated across a streak of Rhodococcus equi