Difference between revisions of "Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae"

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<big><center>[[Infectious agents and parasites|'''BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Bacteria|'''BACK TO BACTERIA''']]</center></big>
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*Causes [[Joints - inflammatory#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and [[Joints - inflammatory#In Pigs|arthritis and discospondylitis in pigs]]
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*May be involved in [[Bacterial skin infections#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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===Overview===
 
===Overview===
  
 
*Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide
 
*Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide
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*[[Infectious Arthritis#In Pigs|Arthritis and discospondylitis in pigs]] as well as [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#Systemic bacterial infections|cutaneous lesions]]
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*Occasionally infects sheep and other animals
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*Occasionally causes [[Infectious Arthritis#In Sheep|arthritis in sheep]] and disease in other animals
 
 
*Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans
 
*Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans
 
*Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers
 
*Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers
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*Non-motile
 
*Non-motile
 
*Catalase negative, oxidase negative, coagulase positive
 
*Catalase negative, oxidase negative, coagulase positive
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*Isolates from acute infections produce smooth colonies
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*Isolates from chronic infections produce rough colonies
 
*Grow on nutrient agar; growth enhanced by addition of blood or serum
 
*Grow on nutrient agar; growth enhanced by addition of blood or serum
 
*Small colonies with incomplete haemolysis in 48 hours
 
*Small colonies with incomplete haemolysis in 48 hours
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*Hydrogen sulphide formed as black central line in TSI agar
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*Hydrogen sulphide sormed along stab line in TSI agar
 
*Growth over wide rangs of temperatures and pH
 
*Growth over wide rangs of temperatures and pH
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===Identification and diagnosis===
 
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*Isolates from acute infections produce smooth colonies; 1.5mm diamteter, convex and circular with even edges
 
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*Isolates from chronic infections produce rough colonies; larger, flat and opaque colonieswith irregular edges
 
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*Biochemical tests
 
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*Serotypying according to a heat-stable peptidoglycan extracted from the cell wall
 
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*Virulence testing in lab animals
 
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*PCR for detection of virulent isolates
 
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===Pathogenesis and pathogenicity===
 
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*Route of infection: ingestion from pig faeces
 
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*Entry via tonsils, skin or mucous membranes
 
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*Capsule prevents phagocytosis
 
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*Adhere to endothelial cells
 
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*Produce neurominidase which enhances cell penetration
 
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*Septicaemia with vascular damage
 
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*Swelling of endothelial cells, monocyte adherence to vascular walls and hyaline microthrombus formation
 
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*Bacteria localise in synovia of joints and on heart valves during bacteraemia and cause chronic lesions
 
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*Host immune response to persistent bacterial antigens causes long-term damage to the joints
 
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===[[Swine Erysipelas]]===
 
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===[[Turkey erysipelas]]===
 
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===Sheep infections===
 
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*Non-suppurative polyarthritis of lambs from contamination of navel or tail-docking/castration wounds
 
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*Cellulitis and laminitis in older lambs and ewes causing post-dipping lameness - entry through skin abrasions in hoof from contaminated dip
 
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*Valvular endocarditis and pneumonia in ewes reported
 
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**Clinical sighns:
 
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***Cutaneous erysipelas
 
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***Polyarthritis in lambs
 
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***Rarely fatal septicaemia
 
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**Enters via:
 
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***Cuts, abrasions
 
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***Castration or docking wounds
 
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***Haematogenous spread -> subacute or chronic '''fibrinopurulent polyarthritis'''
 
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**Morbidity up tp 50%
 
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**Affects mostly unthrifty lmbs
 
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**Fibrosis and [[Musculoskeletal Terminology - Pathology|osteophyte]] formation in later stages -> persistent lameness
 
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=== Human erysipeloid ===
 
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*Infection through skin wounds from fish and poultry
 
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*Localised cellulitis
 
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*Occasional joint and heart disease after haematogenous spread if untreated
 
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[[Category:Bacteria_miscellaneous]] [[Category:Gram_positive_bacteria]] [[Category:Rods]] [[Category:Sheep_Bacteria]] [[Category:Pig_Bacteria]] [[Category:Avian Bacteria]] [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]][[Category:To Do - Major]]
 

Revision as of 11:44, 26 May 2008

BACK TO INFECTIOUS AGENTS AND PARASITES
BACK TO BACTERIA


Overview

  • Causes erysipelas in pigs and turkeys worldwide
  • Occasionally infects sheep and other animals
  • Causes erysipeloid, a localised cellulitis in humans
  • Found in porcine tonsils - 50% of pigs are thought to be carriers
  • Bacteria excreted in faeces and oronasal secretions
  • Survive in soil for less than 35 days
  • Present on fish


Characteristics

  • Gram-positive, small rod (smooth form) or filamentous (rough form)
  • Facultative anaerobe
  • Non-motile
  • Catalase negative, oxidase negative, coagulase positive
  • Isolates from acute infections produce smooth colonies
  • Isolates from chronic infections produce rough colonies
  • Grow on nutrient agar; growth enhanced by addition of blood or serum
  • Small colonies with incomplete haemolysis in 48 hours
  • Hydrogen sulphide sormed along stab line in TSI agar
  • Growth over wide rangs of temperatures and pH
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