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Endoparasiticides - Donkey (view source)

Revision as of 12:56, 6 December 2013

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The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings and treatment of parasitic infections in donkeys are described in detail in [[Parasites - Donkey|the parasite section]]. Further information on antiparasitic treatment of working donkeys outside the UK is given in [[Exotic Infections - Donkey]] section.
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Interval dosing with potent, broad-spectrum anthelmintics used for horses is also suitable for donkeys (Trawford, 2004). The epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical findings and treatment of parasitic infections in donkeys are described in detail [[Parasites - Donkey|the parasite section]]. Further information on antiparasitic treatment of working donkeys outside the UK is given in [[Exotic Infections - Donkey]] section.
      
Three principal chemical classes of anthelmintics (macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines) are used most
 
Three principal chemical classes of anthelmintics (macrocyclic lactones, benzimidazoles and tetrahydropyrimidines) are used most
 
commonly.
 
commonly.
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
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| '''Chemical family group'''
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| '''Generic name'''
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| '''Indications'''
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|-
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| [[Macrocyclic Lactones|Macrocyclic lactones]]
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| Avermectins ''e.g.'' Ivermectin
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| [[Ascarids - Donkey|Roundworm]], [[Lungworm - Donkey|Lungworm]] (''D. arnfieldi'')
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|-
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| .
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| Milbemycins ''e.g.'' Moxidectin
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| [[Ascarids - Donkey|Roundworm]], [[Lungworm - Donkey|Lungworm]] (''D. arnfieldi'')
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|-
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| [[Benzimidazoles]]
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| Fenbendazole <sup>2
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| [[Ascarids - Donkey|Roundworm]]
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|-
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| .
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| Oxfendazole
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| [[Ascarids - Donkey|Roundworm]], [[Lungworm - Donkey|Lungworm]] (''D. arnfieldi'')
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|-
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| .
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| Mebendazole<sup>2
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| [[Ascarids - Donkey|Roundworm]], [[Lungworm - Donkey|Lungworm]] (''D. arnfieldi'')
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|-
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| [[Morantel|Tetrahydropyrimidines]]
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| Pyrantel<sup>2
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| [[Ascarids - Donkey|Roundworm]], [[Tapeworm - Donkey|Tapeworm]] (''A. perfoliata'')
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|-
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| Pyrazinoisoquinoline
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| [[Praziquantel]]
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| [[Tapeworm - Donkey|Tapeworm]] (''A. perfoliata'')
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|}
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<sup>2</sup> Some products containing the active ingredient are available in the UK with market authorisation to be used in donkeys
    
==[[Macrocyclic Lactones]]==
 
==[[Macrocyclic Lactones]]==
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Tetrahydropyrimidines (''e.g.''''' pyrantel embonate''') are active against adult and luminal stages of [[Strongyles - Donkey|strongyles]] and [[Ascarids - Donkey|ascarids]] but have only LIMITED efficacy against migrating larval parasites and NO activity against [[Bots - Donkey|bots]]. Double dose rates can be used to treat [[Tapeworm - Donkey|tapeworms]].
 
Tetrahydropyrimidines (''e.g.''''' pyrantel embonate''') are active against adult and luminal stages of [[Strongyles - Donkey|strongyles]] and [[Ascarids - Donkey|ascarids]] but have only LIMITED efficacy against migrating larval parasites and NO activity against [[Bots - Donkey|bots]]. Double dose rates can be used to treat [[Tapeworm - Donkey|tapeworms]].
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==[[Anthelmintic Resistance|Resistance to anthelmintics]]==
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Frequent use of [[Anthelmintic Drugs|anthelmintics]] and sub-optimal dosing has been implicated in the selection for resistant nematodes. Egg counts should be used as a guide to worming. Weigh the donkey or estimate its weight using the [[Heart Girth Nomogram - Donkey|nomogram]] to allow more accurate worm dosing.
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Previous trials at [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/ the Donkey Sanctuary] suggest that resistance to the benzimidazole and pyrantel derivatives is developing. Recent trials have indicated that resistance to [[Macrocyclic Lactones|moxidectin]] may be developing. Future development in biological control using nematode-trapping fungi is being studied.
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==Literature Search==
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[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
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Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
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<br><br><br>
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[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=(title:(anthelmin*)+OR+subject:(anthelmin*)+OR+title:(endoparasiticide)+OR+subject:(endoparasiticides))+AND+(ab:(donkey)+OR+title:(donkey)+OR+od:(donkeys)) Anthelmintics in donkeys related publications]
    
==References==
 
==References==
    
* Horspool, L. (2008) Clinical pharmacology In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 12
 
* Horspool, L. (2008) Clinical pharmacology In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 12
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* Trawford, A. and Getachew, M. (2008) Parasites In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 6
 
* Trawford, A.F. (2004). ‘Prescribing for donkeys’. ''The Veterinary Formulary. 6th edition''. Y. Bishop (ed). The Pharmaceutical Press, London.
 
* Trawford, A.F. (2004). ‘Prescribing for donkeys’. ''The Veterinary Formulary. 6th edition''. Y. Bishop (ed). The Pharmaceutical Press, London.
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|linkpage =Pharmacology - Donkey
 
|linktext =Pharmacology - Donkey
 
|linktext =Pharmacology - Donkey
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|sublink1 =Parasites - Donkey
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|subtext1 =Parasites - Donkey
 
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|pagetype=Donkey
 
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{{infotable
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|Maintitle = [[Sponsors#The Donkey Sanctuary|This section was sponsored and content provided by '''THE DONKEY SANCTUARY''']]
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|Maintitlebackcolour = B4CDCD
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}}
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[[Category:Donkey]]
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[[Category:Pharmacology_-_Donkey]][[Category:Endoparasites_-_Donkey]]
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[[Category:Parasites_-_Donkey]]
Lizhazellsmith
Author, Donkey
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