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==Treatment==
==Treatment==
* [[Macrocyclic Lactones|'''Ivermectin''' or '''moxidectin''']] will effectively eliminate lungworms from the donkey. Less effective options include mebendazole, albendazole and thiabendazole. Due to its long persistence, the parasite is hard to remove from paddocks, and it is advisable to include pasture management in treatment regimes, using different pasture, harrowing, crop rotatation, ploughing etc.
* [[Macrocyclic Lactones|'''Ivermectin''' or '''moxidectin''']] will effectively eliminate lungworms from the donkey. Less effective options include mebendazole, albendazole and thiabendazole. Due to its long persistence, the parasite is hard to remove from paddocks, and it is advisable to include pasture management in treatment regimes, using different pasture, harrowing, crop rotation, ploughing etc. Moxidectin use in donkeys is under the cascade system as this product is not licensed for use in donkeys in the UK.
==Control==
==Control==
Donkeys entering the [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk/ Sanctuary] are isolated for a minimum of six weeks and treated with ivermectin.
Dictyocaulus arnfieldi alone rarely causes clinical problems in donkeys, although it may exacerbate respiratory infections due to other causes. Due to the reported incidence of this parasite in donkeys, particularly when they are co-grazed with horses, where lungworm can cause significant clinical problems, a general control strategy (e.g. with ivermectin) is recommended.
Donkeys entering the [http://www.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk Donkey Sanctuary] are isolated for a minimum of six weeks and treated with ivermectin.
Since it is reported that lungworm larvae may survive in the subsoil for up to two years, pasture contamination must be considered. Harrowing permanent pasture will reduce larvae and ploughing or crop rotation will eliminate larvae. Grass in hedgerows may, however, become a source of reinfection.
Since it is reported that lungworm larvae may survive in the subsoil for up to two years, pasture contamination must be considered. Harrowing permanent pasture will reduce larvae and ploughing or crop rotation will eliminate larvae. Grass in hedgerows may, however, become a source of reinfection.
Clayton and Trawford (1981) advise that annual treatment of resident donkeys for lungworm in spring, combined with isolation and treatment of new arrivals, should reduce pasture burdens of infective L3.
Clayton and Trawford (1981) advise that annual treatment of resident donkeys for lungworm in spring, combined with isolation and treatment of new arrivals, should reduce pasture burdens of infective L3.
==Literature Search==
[[File:CABI logo.jpg|left|90px]]
Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).
<br><br><br>
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28title%3A%28%22Dictyocaulus+arnfieldi%22%29+OR+title%3A%28lungworm%29+OR+title%3A%28lung+worm%29%29+AND+od%3A%28donkeys%29 Lungworm in donkeys publications]
==References==
==References==