Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

The act of chewing itself produces more saliva and physically helps to reduce plaque accumulation. Salivary flow also contributes to protection of the [[:Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] by bathing all oral structures and washing [[bacteria]] away. Saliva contains numerous antibacterial substances which contribute to the defense mechanism in the mouth, but also contains products like lactoferrin which binds to iron, a mineral needed for bacterial growth. Other enzymes present in saliva help neutralize potentially harmful by-products released by bacteria.  

The act of chewing itself produces more saliva and physically helps to reduce plaque accumulation. Salivary flow also contributes to protection of the [[:Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]] and [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] by bathing all oral structures and washing [[bacteria]] away. Saliva contains numerous antibacterial substances which contribute to the defense mechanism in the mouth, but also contains products like lactoferrin which binds to iron, a mineral needed for bacterial growth. Other enzymes present in saliva help neutralize potentially harmful by-products released by bacteria.  

All dental chews are different and not all chews have the same properties or qualities of others. Whenever deciding on what chew to recommend for passive oral homecare ensure that any additives are not harmful, and are beneficial and the product design is correct for what it should achieve.  

All dental chews are different and not all chews have the same properties or qualities of others. Whenever deciding on what chew to recommend for passive oral homecare ensure that any additives are not harmful, and are beneficial and the product design is correct for what it should achieve.  

Some chews available are too hard and may result in tooth fracture despite being marketed as having a dental benefit. Examples would include all natural bones, whether processed or fresh from the butcher, dried cow hooves and reindeer antlers. Hard-pressed rawhide bones, or knotted rawhide, and nylon bones are too hard and may cause dental fracture. The general rule of thumb is that the product should be pliable and not as strong as the tooth [[Enamel Organ#Enamel|enamel]] in order to prevent fractured teeth.  

Some chews available are too hard and may result in tooth fracture despite being marketed as having a dental benefit. Examples would include all natural bones, whether processed or fresh from the butcher, dried cow hooves and reindeer antlers. Hard-pressed rawhide bones, or knotted rawhide, and nylon bones are too hard and may cause dental fracture. The general rule of thumb is that the product should be pliable and not as strong as the tooth [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] in order to prevent fractured teeth.  

Pig’s ears are available at many pet stores and markets. They are basically just pig skin and cartilage, often dried and smoked to prevent decay. They have a mild abrasive effect on the tooth surfaces without great risk of being too abrasive. The thin and flexible nature of pig’s ears makes them very unlikely to cause dental fractures. Some dogs tolerate these very well, while others may experience digestive upset. As the ears are sold from bulk bins generically, there is no assurance of quality control and there have been reports that they may harbour bacterial pathogens such as ''[[Salmonella]]''. If a large chunk of an ear is swallowed, it will likely be broken down by gastric juices and pass without incident. However, choking and [[Oesophageal Foreign Body|oesophageal blockage]] are possible. Rawhide strips are a consumable treat that many dogs really love, however as they provide non-digestible protein, they do not add greatly to the caloric intake. Use thin strips as this makes it very unlikely that any teeth will be damaged whilst the dog is chewing. The abrasive action of chewing the rawhide does help reduce plaque, calculus and [[gingivitis]]. Once again, quality control varies and some raw hide has been shown to be contaminated with pathogens for example ''Salmonella''.  

Pig’s ears are available at many pet stores and markets. They are basically just pig skin and cartilage, often dried and smoked to prevent decay. They have a mild abrasive effect on the tooth surfaces without great risk of being too abrasive. The thin and flexible nature of pig’s ears makes them very unlikely to cause dental fractures. Some dogs tolerate these very well, while others may experience digestive upset. As the ears are sold from bulk bins generically, there is no assurance of quality control and there have been reports that they may harbour bacterial pathogens such as ''[[Salmonella]]''. If a large chunk of an ear is swallowed, it will likely be broken down by gastric juices and pass without incident. However, choking and [[Oesophageal Foreign Body|oesophageal blockage]] are possible. Rawhide strips are a consumable treat that many dogs really love, however as they provide non-digestible protein, they do not add greatly to the caloric intake. Use thin strips as this makes it very unlikely that any teeth will be damaged whilst the dog is chewing. The abrasive action of chewing the rawhide does help reduce plaque, calculus and [[gingivitis]]. Once again, quality control varies and some raw hide has been shown to be contaminated with pathogens for example ''Salmonella''.  

* Brown w, McGenity P. (2005) ''Effective Periodontal disease control using dental hygiene chews.'' JVD 22 :16-19

* Brown w, McGenity P. (2005) ''Effective Periodontal disease control using dental hygiene chews.'' JVD 22 :16-19

[[Category:Oral Hygiene]]

[[Category:Oral Hygiene]]

[[Category:Waltham reviewed]]

[[Category:Waltham reviewed]]