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| + | <big><center>[[Avian Digestive Tract - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO THE AVIAN DIGESTIVE TRACT''']]</center></big> |
| − | [[Image:Kestrel beak.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Beak of a kestrel - Copyright nabrown RVC]]
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| − | ==Introduction==
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| − | In avian species, the [[Lips|lips]] and [[Cheeks|cheeks]] are replaced by the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Cutaneous Appendages|beak]].
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| − | The [[Integument of Exotic Species - Anatomy & Physiology#The Beak|beak]] is an area of dense, horny skin overlying the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os incisivium)|incisive bones]] of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]].
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| − | No modern birds possess [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]], however rudimentary [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel organs]] have been discovered in the embryos of some birds.
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| − | The size and structure of the avian [[Avian Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] varies between species; it is related to the functional requirements of each species.
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| − | The [[Avian Hard Palate|avian hard palate]] contains a slit-like opening called the choanal opening which communicates with the nasal pharynx.
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| − | [[Image:Avian Tongue and Oral Cavity.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Tongue - Copyright RVC 2008]]
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| − | {{Template:Learning
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| − | |flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]]
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| − | |OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-4 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 1]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-3 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 2]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-2 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 3]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-1 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 4]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-5 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 5]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-0 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 6]
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| − | {{OpenPages}}
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| − | [[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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| − | [[Category:A&P Done]]
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