− | Excess energy intake is not toxic, though long-term excess intake can result in obesity and its associated health risks. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] in cats<ref>Lutz TA and Rand JS. A review of the new developments in type 2 diabetes mellitus in human beings and cats. Brit Vet J 1993;149:527-536.</ref>, in growing puppies can result in development skeletal abnormalities<ref>Hedhammer A, et al. Overnutrition and skeletal disease. Cornell Vet 1974;64(suppl 5):9-150.</ref><ref>Kealy RD, et al. Effects of limited food consumption on the incidence of hip dysplasia in growing dogs. JAVMA 1992;201:857-863.</ref>, and can worsen clinical sign of orthopaedic disease and decrease longevity in adult dogs<ref>Kealy RD, et al. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. JAVMA 2002;220:1315-1320.</ref>. | + | Excess energy intake is not toxic, though long-term excess intake can result in obesity and its associated health risks. Obesity is associated with an increased risk of [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]] in cats<ref>Lutz TA and Rand JS. A review of the new developments in type 2 diabetes mellitus in human beings and cats. Brit Vet J 1993;149:527-536.</ref>, in growing puppies can result in development skeletal abnormalities<ref>Hedhammer A, et al. Overnutrition and skeletal disease. Cornell Vet 1974;64(suppl 5):9-150.</ref><ref>Kealy RD, et al. Effects of limited food consumption on the incidence of hip dysplasia in growing dogs. JAVMA 1992;201:857-863.</ref>, and can worsen clinical sign of [[:Category:Musculoskeletal System - Pathology|orthopaedic disease]] and decrease longevity in adult dogs<ref>Kealy RD, et al. Effects of diet restriction on life span and age-related changes in dogs. JAVMA 2002;220:1315-1320.</ref>. |