Changes

! Class of Drug !! Drugs !! Uses !! Side Effects

! Class of Drug !! Drugs !! Uses !! Side Effects

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| '''Tranquillisers''' || Acepromazine || Sedation/restraint (no specific indication in behavioural therapy) || Hypotension, CNS stimulation, contradictory responses. Caution in boxers and greyhounds

| '''Tranquillisers''' || Acepromazine || Sedation/restraint (no specific indication in behavioural therapy) || Hypotension, CNS stimulation, contradictory responses, caution in boxers and greyhounds

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| '''Benzodiazepines '''|| Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam || [[Feline Fear and Stress|Acute anxiety, panic, short-term management of noise phobias]]  || Hepatic necrosis after oral dosing in cats (potentially fatal), Sedation, ataxia, increased appetite, paradoxical excitation, amnesia

| '''Benzodiazepines '''|| Alprazolam, Clonazepam, Clorazepate, Diazepam, Lorazepam, Oxazepam || [[Feline Fear and Stress|Acute anxiety, panic, short-term management of noise phobias]]  || Hepatic necrosis after oral dosing in cats (potentially fatal), sedation, ataxia, increased appetite, paradoxical excitation, amnesia

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| '''Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)''' || Amitriptyline, [[Clomipramine]] || Anxiety, separation anxiety, canine and [[Feline Aggression|feline fear aggression]], [[Indoor Marking - Cat|feline urine marking]], [[Feline Grooming Disorders|feline compulsive grooming]], stereotypy, some narcoleptic disorders || Sedation, gastrointestinal (GI) effects, dry mouth, increased thirst, urinary retention

| '''Tricyclic Antidepressants (TCAs)''' || Amitriptyline, [[Clomipramine]] || Anxiety, separation anxiety, canine and [[Feline Aggression|feline fear aggression]], [[Indoor Marking - Cat|feline urine marking]], [[Feline Grooming Disorders|feline compulsive grooming]], stereotypy, some narcoleptic disorders || Sedation, gastrointestinal (GI) effects, dry mouth, increased thirst, urinary retention

| '''Azapirones''' || Busiprone || Anxiety, feline urine marking, interact aggression || Uncommon, not sedating

| '''Azapirones''' || Busiprone || Anxiety, feline urine marking, interact aggression || Uncommon, not sedating

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| '''Triazolopyridines''' || Trazodone || Anxiety, phobia, separations anxiety, used primarily as an augmentation for other psychoactive drug therapies||

| '''Triazolopyridines''' || Trazodone || Anxiety, phobia, separation anxiety, used primarily as an augmentation for other psychoactive drug therapies||

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| '''Anticonvulsants''' || Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Phenobarbital, Potassium bromide || Behavioural problems arising from focal seizures (e.g. aggression, tail chasing) || Lethargy, ataxia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

| '''Anticonvulsants''' || Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Levetiracetam, Phenobarbital, Potassium bromide || Behavioural problems arising from focal seizures (e.g. aggression, tail chasing) || Lethargy, ataxia, polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia

Synthetic hormone analogues like megestrol acetate (Ovarid), have little or no rational use in behavioural therapy for reasons of non-specificity, and adverse effects which make their use unjustifiable. Phenothiazines such as ACP have a very varied level of effect and duration of action and affect both normal and abnormal behaviours without significantly altering emotional state, which is an out of date approach to behavioural therapy<ref name="Overall" />.  

Synthetic hormone analogues like megestrol acetate (Ovarid), have little or no rational use in behavioural therapy for reasons of non-specificity, and adverse effects which make their use unjustifiable. Phenothiazines such as ACP have a very varied level of effect and duration of action and affect both normal and abnormal behaviours without significantly altering emotional state, which is an out of date approach to behavioural therapy<ref>Overall, K.L., 2004. Paradigms for pharmacologic use as a treatment component in feline behavioral medicine. Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 6, 29-42.</ref>.  

Licensed drugs have established data about their efficacy, side effects, contraindications and toxicity, which makes expected outcomes more reliable<ref>Merck Veterinary Manual (10th Edition) - [http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/behavior.html Behaviour]. 2011 The Merck Publishing Group.</ref>. Their use is supported by one or more controlled studies.

Licensed drugs have established data about their efficacy, side effects, contraindications and toxicity, which makes expected outcomes more reliable<ref>Merck Veterinary Manual (10th Edition) - [http://www.merckmanuals.com/vet/behavior.html Behaviour]. 2011 The Merck Publishing Group.</ref>. Their use is supported by one or more controlled studies.

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

 

[[Category:Pharmacological Approach to Problem Behaviour]]

[[Category:Pharmacological Approach to Problem Behaviour]]