Difference between revisions of "Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology"

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==Mounting==
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== Mounting ==
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[[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
 
  
 
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
 
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
 
* Learned behaviour
 
* Learned behaviour
  
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== Intromission ==
  
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== Intromission==
 
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* Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
 
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----
 
  
 
== Ejaculation ==
 
== Ejaculation ==
  
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[[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
 
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* The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
 
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* Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
 
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* Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
 
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** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
 
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* Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
 
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* Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
 
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* Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
 
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** '''Urethralis''' muscle
 
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** '''Ischiocavernosus''' muscle
 
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** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
 
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* '''Emission''' and ejaculation
 
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** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
 
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** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
 
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----
 
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==Species Differences==
 
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{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
 
  
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!'''Species'''
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== Dog ==
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!'''Ram'''
 
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!'''Bull'''
 
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!'''Stallion'''
 
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!'''Boar'''
 
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|-
 
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| '''Duration of Copulation'''
 
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| 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
 
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| 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
 
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| 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase)
 
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| 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences
 
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|-
 
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| '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)'''
 
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| 0.8-1.0
 
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| 3-5
 
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| 75-120
 
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| 200-250
 
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|-
 
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| '''Site of Semen Deposition'''
 
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| External Cervical Os
 
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| Fornix Vagina
 
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| External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure
 
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| Cervix and Uterus
 
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|-
 
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| '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation'''
 
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| 10
 
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| 20
 
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| 3
 
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| 3
 
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|-
 
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| Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period)
 
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| 30-40
 
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| 60-80
 
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| 20
 
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| 8
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
  
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=== [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ===
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* Bitch in Oestrus spots bloody fluid just before the receptive stage.
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* Male identifies the female.
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** Dogs are very aware of a bitch in oestrus and can detect them from 500-600 meters away.
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* Bitch adopts receptive posture (''''stands'''')
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* Dog mounts and thrusts to achieve intromission.
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* '''Intromission''' with a partially erect penis aided by the '''Os Penis'''
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* Vulval erectile tissue of the bitch grips the penis.
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* Penis achieves full '''erection''' (the ''''Tie'''')
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* Dog then turns to face the opposite direction (the ''''Turn'''')
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* '''Ejaculation'''
  
 
----
 
----
  
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=== [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ===
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== Cat ==
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----
 
  
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=== [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] ===
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* Queen 'calls'
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* Male identifies female
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* Queen crouches in '''lordosis'''
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* Tom bites scruff of queen
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* Tom mounts and thrusts to gain intromission
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* If queen is in oestrus she will submit to allow full intromission.
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* Tom ejaculates
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* Female emits a yowl and rolls over, attempting to swipe the tom with her claws.
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* Tom retires to a safe distance
  
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----
 
  
  
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[[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
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For a video demonstration of copulation in the cat, follow either of the following links:
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[[Category:Bullet Points]]
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* [http://www.vetmed.lsu.edu/eiltslotus/theriogenology-5361/filne_e.htm| Video of Copulation in the Cat]
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* [http://www.animalmatingzone.com/main_frame_cat.htm| Video of Copulation in the Cat]

Revision as of 14:57, 9 July 2008

Mounting

  • Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
  • Learned behaviour

Intromission

Ejaculation

Dog

  • Bitch in Oestrus spots bloody fluid just before the receptive stage.
  • Male identifies the female.
    • Dogs are very aware of a bitch in oestrus and can detect them from 500-600 meters away.
  • Bitch adopts receptive posture ('stands')
  • Dog mounts and thrusts to achieve intromission.
  • Intromission with a partially erect penis aided by the Os Penis
  • Vulval erectile tissue of the bitch grips the penis.
  • Penis achieves full erection (the 'Tie')
  • Dog then turns to face the opposite direction (the 'Turn')
  • Ejaculation

Cat

  • Queen 'calls'
  • Male identifies female
  • Queen crouches in lordosis
  • Tom bites scruff of queen
  • Tom mounts and thrusts to gain intromission
  • If queen is in oestrus she will submit to allow full intromission.
  • Tom ejaculates
  • Female emits a yowl and rolls over, attempting to swipe the tom with her claws.
  • Tom retires to a safe distance


For a video demonstration of copulation in the cat, follow either of the following links:

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