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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Haematuria is the '''presence of blood in the urine''', which gives it a red colour.

Haematuria is the '''presence of blood in the urine''', which gives it a red colour.

==Differential Diagnoses==

==Differential Diagnoses==

It is important to distinguish haematuria from:

It is important to distinguish haematuria from:

:'''haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria''': when the urine sample is spun down, the supernatant remains red/brown in colour

:'''haemoglobinuria and myoglobinuria'''. With haemoglobinuria, when the urine sample is spun down, the supernatant remains red/brown in colour. With haematuria a spun urine sample forms a reddish sediment. With myoglobinuria the spun sample appears clearer.

:'''porphyrin pigments in urine''': common in rabbits due to porphyrin pigments in diet, dipstick will differentiate, or porphyrin pigments will fluoresce under a Wood's lamp.  

:'''porphyrin pigments in urine''': common in rabbits due to porphyrin pigments in diet, dipstick will differentiate, or porphyrin pigments will fluoresce under a Wood's lamp.

==Causes==

==Causes==

Haematuria may be caused by local or systemic disease.

Haematuria may be caused by local or systemic disease.

'''Systemic disease''' is rare, but includes bleeding disorders such as [[thrombocytopoenia]], [[Coagulation Factor Deficiency|platelet dysfunction]] (von Willebrand's disease), defects in the coagulation cascade or bleeding due to toxins ([[Lead Poisoning|lead toxicity]]). There will usually be evidence of bleeding from other areas.

'''Systemic disease''' is rare, but includes bleeding disorders such as [[thrombocytopaenia]], [[Coagulation Factor Deficiency|platelet dysfunction]] (von Willebrand's disease), defects in the coagulation cascade or bleeding due to toxins ([[Lead Poisoning|lead toxicity]]). There will usually be evidence of bleeding from other areas.

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[[Category:Urinary System - Pathology]]

[[Category:Urinary System - Pathology]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]