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Puerperium - Sow (view source)

Revision as of 06:40, 30 October 2015

1,148 bytes removed , 06:40, 30 October 2015

→‎Involution

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* Uniform decrease in thickness of the endometrium and myometrium.

* Complete by 28 days

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* In early-weaned sows, uterine involution is slower

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* In early-weaned sows, uterine involution is slower.

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* The morphology and physiology of the genital tract may not be optimal for fertilization and blastocyst implantation in sows weaned at farrowing or shortly after, resulting in a reduced rate of gestation or a reduced litter size

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* The morphology and physiology of the genital tract may not be optimal for fertilization and blastocyst implantation in sows weaned at farrowing or shortly after, resulting in a reduced rate of gestation or a reduced litter size.

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* The fastest and most reliable way to monitor uterine involution is to use ultrasonography

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* Prolonged uterine pathologies, including retention of fetal membranes or endometritis, can negatively impact the duration of uterine involution

=== Restoration of the Endometrium ===

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* During puerperium the uterus returns to its nongravid size and the endometrium is restored to provide a suitable environment for the establishment of a new pregnancy

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* This uterine involution is generally completed within 3 weeks of farrowing.

* 1 day after farrowing, the uterine epithelium is low columnar or cuboidal.

** Extensive folding present during pregnancy

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** Also signs of cell division, responsible for regeneration of the epithelium.

* Complete and capable of sustaining another pregnancy after 21 days.

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* An delayed restoration of endometrium and uterine involution can have a negative effect on sow reproduction.

=== Return to Ovarian Cyclicity ===

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* Mostly no return to oestrus and no ovulation until piglets are removed.

* Time to first ovulation can be shortened by temporary removal of the whole litter for varying periods during the day (partial weaning), or permanent removal of part of the litter.

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* Weaning pigs immediately after farrowing or within three weeks of delivery results in higher incidence of anestrus and a longer weaning-to-estrus interval, ovulation failure, or a reduced litter size

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* Female pigs that fail to ovulate either show follicular regression or develop cystic ovarian diseases.

* Rapid regression of corpora lutea of pregnancy, with cellular degeneration occuring by 3 days postpartum.

* By day 7 postpartum, corpora lutea are mainly connective tissue.

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** No ovulation, follicles become atretic

* Preovulatory surge of LH within 7 days of weaning.

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* Anoestrus and ovarian cysts in early weaned pigs may be due to the lack of a preovulatory LH surge

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* Most of the sows resume cyclicity within a normal weaning-to-oestrus interval of less than 7 days if they are weaned after 3 weeks of farrowing

* Prolactin concentrations are high during lactation but decline rapidly to basal levels within hours after weaning.

* Follicular growth and ovulation are supressed during lactation due to supressed LH secretion.

Gokuldas

13

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