Difference between revisions of "Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology"

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==Mounting==
+
== Mounting ==
 
 
[[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
 
  
 
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
 
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
 
* Learned behaviour
 
* Learned behaviour
  
 +
----
  
== Intromission==
+
== Intromission ==
  
* Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
+
* Successful entrance of the penis into the vagina.
  
 
----
 
----
  
 
== Ejaculation ==
 
== Ejaculation ==
 
[[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
 
  
 
* The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
 
* The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
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* Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
 
* Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
 
** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
 
** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
* Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
+
* Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans peinis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
 
* Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
 
* Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
 
* Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
 
* Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
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** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
 
** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
 
* '''Emission''' and ejaculation
 
* '''Emission''' and ejaculation
** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
+
** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
 
** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
 
** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
  
 
----
 
----
  
==Species Differences==
+
== ::[[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour Dog - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ==
 
 
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
 
 
 
!'''Species'''
 
!'''Ram'''
 
!'''Bull'''
 
!'''Stallion'''
 
!'''Boar'''
 
|-
 
| '''Duration of Copulation'''
 
| 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
 
| 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
 
| 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase)
 
| 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences
 
|-
 
| '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)'''
 
| 0.8-1.0
 
| 3-5
 
| 75-120
 
| 200-250
 
|-
 
| '''Site of Semen Deposition'''
 
| External Cervical Os
 
| Fornix Vagina
 
| External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure
 
| Cervix and Uterus
 
|-
 
| '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation'''
 
| 10
 
| 20
 
| 3
 
| 3
 
|-
 
| Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period)
 
| 30-40
 
| 60-80
 
| 20
 
| 8
 
|-
 
|}
 
 
 
=== [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ===
 
  
 
----
 
----
  
=== [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ===
+
== ::[[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour Cat - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ==
 
 
----
 
 
 
=== [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] ===
 
 
 
----
 
 
 
 
 
[[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
 
[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 12:41, 10 July 2008

Mounting

  • Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
  • Learned behaviour

Intromission

  • Successful entrance of the penis into the vagina.

Ejaculation

  • The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
  • Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
  • Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
    • Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the glans penis.
  • Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans peinis by the internal pudendal nerve to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
  • Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the spinal cord.
  • Forcing of semen into the urethra by nerves in the hypogastric plexus innervating target muscles.
    • Urethralis muscle
    • Ischiocavernosus muscle
    • Bulbospongiosus muscle
  • Emission and ejaculation
    • Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the accessory sex glands into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
    • Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.

::Dog


::Cat