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[[Image:eosinophilic_enteritis.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histology of Eosinophilic enteritis in the horse ^{©Susan Rhind, University of Edinburgh}]]

[[Image:eosinophilic_enteritis.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Histology of Eosinophilic enteritis in the horse ^{©Susan Rhind, University of Edinburgh}]]

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Eosinophilic enteritis (EE) is the second most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease#Treatment|IBD]], characterised by a mixed, but predominantly eosiphilic, mucosal inflammatory infiltration.  EGE may be limited to the small intestine or it may affect other areas of the gastrointestinal tract such as stomach or colon.

Eosinophilic enteritis (EE) is the second most common form of [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease#Treatment|IBD]], characterised by a mixed, but predominantly eosiphilic, mucosal inflammatory infiltration.  EGE may be limited to the small intestine or it may affect other areas of the gastrointestinal tract such as stomach or colon; the condition is cetegorised into focal or diffuse EE.

An eosinophilic infiltrate may indicate a diet-induced, type 1 hypersensitivity.  However, most dogs do not respond to a purely exclusion diet.  Endoparasitism should also be excluded prior to immunosuppressive therapy for EE.

An eosinophilic infiltrate may indicate a diet-induced, type 1 hypersensitivity.  However, most dogs do not respond to a purely exclusion diet.  Endoparasitism should also be excluded prior to immunosuppressive therapy for EE.

===Focal===

==Signalment==

 

Focal EE is a disease of young dogs, which can be associated with [[Toxocara canis|''Toxocara canis'']] infection. Pin-head sized white nodules can be seen under the serosa in the bowel, consisting of eosinophils, and occasionally macrophages, plasma cells and [[Toxocara canis|''Toxocara'']] larvae.

* A disease of young dogs.

* Associated with [[Toxocara canis|''Toxocara canis'']] infection.

** Pin-head sized white nodules can be seen under the serosa in the bowel.

*** Consist of of eosinophils and occasionally macrophages and plasma cells.

*** Can sometimes see [[Toxocara canis|''Toxocara'']] larvae in the nodules.

 

* Seen in the dog, cat and horse.

The diffuse form of EE is seen in the dog, cat and horse; it is described as idiopathic but the aetiology has been suggested to be a hypersensitivity reaction. In this form of the condition, recurrent episodes of diarrhoea with tissue and circulatory eosinophilia occurs, with a heavy infiltrate of eosinophils present histologically in all layers of the stomach and intestines.

* Has a predilection for German Shepherd Dogs, but also occcurs in other breeds of dogs and in cats.

** Recurrent episodes of diarrhoea with tissue and circulatory eosinophilia.

*** Eosinophils heavily infiltrate all layers of stomach and intestines.

**It has been suggested that it is a type of hypersensitivity reaction.

 

There is a predilection for diffuse EE in:

 

This condition is seen in any breed or age, but is more common in younger animals and certain breeds:

Image:GermanShep.jpg|'''German Shepherd (Alsatian)'''<p><small>( © Ellen Levy Finch WikiMedia Commons)</small>

*German Shepherd Dogs

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Anti-parasiticide (Fenbendazole) treatment may be given due to the possible endoparasitism or dietary sensitivity. Dietary modification is required with a chamge to a hypoallergenic diet.

Anti-parasiticide (Fenbendazole) treatment may be given due to the possible endoparasitism or dietary sensitivity. Dietary modification is required with a change to a hypoallergenic diet.

Immunosuppressive therapy may also be required.

Immunosuppressive therapy may also be required.

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Hall, E.J, Simpson, J.W. and Williams, D.A. (2005) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Gastroenterology (2nd Edition)''' ''BSAVA''

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

*Nelson, R.W. and Couto, C.G. (2009) '''Small Animal Internal Medicine (Fourth Edition)''' ''Mosby Elsevier''.

[[Category:Dog]][[Category:Intestine_-_Inflammatory_Pathology_by_Type]]

[[Category:Intestinal Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Intestine_-_Inflammatory_Pathology_by_Type]]

[[Category:To Do - Clinical]]