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<big><center>[[Alimentary - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ALIMENTARY - ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Oral Cavity - Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|'''BACK TO ORAL CAVITY - ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY]]</center></big>
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==Overview==
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==Introduction==
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The hard palate ('''palatum durum''') forms the rostral roof of the [[Oral Cavity Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|oral cavity]]. It merges caudally with the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] where a connective tissue '''aponeurosis''' replaces the bone.
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[[Image:Hard and Soft Palate Anatomy.jpg|thumb|right|250px|Hard Palate - Copyright Nottingham 2008]]
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The hard palate (palatum durum) forms the rostral roof of the oral cavity. It merges caudally with the soft palate where a connective tissue aponeurosis replaces the bone.
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==Structure and Function==
 
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=Functional Anatomy==
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*Bony shelf of palatine processes of the incisive, maxillary and palatine bones. Failure of the palatine bones to fuse results in cleft palate.
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*6-8 fixed transverse ridges to direct food caudally
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*Flat
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*Incisive papilla (small median swelling) behind incisive teeth
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*Smaller papillae ducts branching to nasal cavity and veromeronasal organ
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The hard palate is the bony shelf of the palatine processes of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os incisivium)|incisive]], [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Maxilla|maxillary]] and [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Paltine Bone (os palatinium)|palatine bones]]. Failure of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Palatine Bone (os palatinium)|palatine bones]] to fuse results in [[Cleft Palate|cleft palate]].
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There are 6-8 fixed transverse ridges to direct food caudally. The hard palate is flat and has '''incisive papilla''' (small median swelling) behind the incisive [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] and smaller '''papillae ducts''' branching to the [[Nasal Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal cavity]] and vomeronasal organ.
    
==Histology==
 
==Histology==
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*Thick mucosa
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[[Image:Hard Palate Histology.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Hard Palate (Mouse) - Copyright RVC 2008]]
 
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The palate is formed by thick mucosa and  keratinised stratified squamous epithelium.
*keratinised stratified squamous epithelium  
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==Species Differences==
 
==Species Differences==
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*More heavily keratinised in herbivores
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===Herbivores===
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Herbivores have a more heavily keratinised hard palate.
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===Feline===
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Felines have short a hard palate.
    
==Links==
 
==Links==
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[[Oral Cavity - Cavity & Gingiva|Pathology of Cleft Palate]]
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Click here for the [[Cleft Palate|Pathology of Cleft Palate]]
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{{OpenPages}}
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[[Category:Oral Cavity - Anatomy & Physiology]]
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