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Also known as: '''''Portosystemic encephalopathy — Hepatic coma
Also known as: '''''Portosystemic encephalopathy — Hepatic coma
*When the animal is to be fed, a '''diet with a high carbohydrate, low protein (2g/kg/day) and low fat''' content is recommended. Both soluble and insoluble fibre may be beneficial in appropriate quantities as the former traps ammonia in the colon and the latter reduces intestinal transit time and prevents constipation. In an animals with PSS or severe hepatic insufficiency, it may not be advisable to restrict protein too assiduously as these animals are likely to be [[Hypoalbuminaemia|hypoalbuminaemic]].
*When the animal is to be fed, a '''diet with a high carbohydrate, low protein (2g/kg/day) and low fat''' content is recommended. Both soluble and insoluble fibre may be beneficial in appropriate quantities as the former traps ammonia in the colon and the latter reduces intestinal transit time and prevents constipation. In an animals with PSS or severe hepatic insufficiency, it may not be advisable to restrict protein too assiduously as these animals are likely to be [[Hypoalbuminaemia|hypoalbuminaemic]].
*'''Seizures''' should be treated with anticonvulsant medication but [[Benzodiazepines|benzodiazepines]] should be avoided as they may worsen the HE.
*'''Seizures''' should be treated with anticonvulsant medication but [[Benzodiazepines|benzodiazepines]] should be avoided as they may worsen the HE.
*Inclusion of L - Ornithine-l-aspartate enzymes, which accelerate the urea cycle and in turn facilitate conversion of ammonia to urea; may be helpful in acute episodes of HE. It may also be recommended to prevent HE in patients with severe hepatic functional compromise. It can, however, be safely used in patients with normal renal function.
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
In cases of PSS, the prognosis in dogs for resolution of clinical signs after total surgical ligation is excellent. However, the response to surgical intervention in cats is less promising than in dogs.
In cases of PSS, the prognosis in dogs for resolution of clinical signs after total surgical ligation is excellent. However, the response to surgical intervention in cats is less promising than in dogs.
{{Learning
|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28title%3A%28%22Portosystemic+encephalopathy%22%29%29%29+OR+%28%28title%3A%28%22Hepatic+coma%22%29%29%29+OR+%28%28title%3A%28%22Hepatic+Encephalopathy%22%29%29%29 Hepatic Encephalopathy publications]
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/felis/Content/Disease/dis02457.asp Hepatic encephalopathy]
}}
[http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?q=%28%28title%3A%28%22Portosystemic+encephalopathy%22%29%29%29+OR+%28%28title%3A%28%22Hepatic+coma%22%29%29%29+OR+%28%28title%3A%28%22Hepatic+Encephalopathy%22%29%29%29 Hepatic Encephalopathy publications]
==References==
==References==
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[[Category:Liver_-_General_Pathology]]
[[Category:Liver_-_General_Pathology]]
[[Category:Liver Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Cat]]
[[Category:Liver Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Liver Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:Dog - Neurological System]]
[[Category:Neurological Diseases - Dog]][[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cat]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]
[[Category:Expert_Review]]