Difference between revisions of "Otodectes cynotis"

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{{unfinished}}
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{{OpenPagesTop}}
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{{Taxobox
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|name              =''Otodectes cynotis''
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|phylum            =Arthropoda
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|class              =[[:Category:Arachnida|Arachnida]]
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|order              =Astigmata
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|family            =Psoroptidia
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|genus              =Otodectes
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|species            =''O.cynotis''
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}}
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Also known as: '''''Ear mite'''
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[[File:Otodectes cynotis.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Otodectes cynotis'' C. Antonczyk 2008]]
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[[File:Otodectes.jpg|thumb|200px|right|''Otodectes cynotis'' Caroldermoid 2006, wikimedia commons]]
  
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{| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1"
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==Introduction==
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| Also known as:
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''Otodectes cynotis'' mites are [[Non-Burrowing Mites|surface mites]]. They are the cause of [[Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog|otodectic otitis]], the most common mange of dogs and cats in the world. They are also found in the fox and the ferret. The mites inhabit the inner ear and feed on ear debris, they appear white in colour.
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| ''The ear mite''
 
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|-
 
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|}
 
  
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[[File:Otodectes cynotis.jpg|thumb|200px|right|Otodectes cynotis (Courtesy of C. Antonczyk)]]
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Pruritus is caused by irritation and the saliva of the mites, which is immunogenic. '''Secondary bacterial infection''' is common, resulting in purulent otitis externa which will require more treatment.
  
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Otodectes cynotis mites are [[Non-Burrowing Mites|surface mites]]. They are the cause of [[Otodectic Dermatosis|otodectic skin infestation]], the most common mange of dogs and cats in the world. They are also found in the fox and the ferret. The mites inhabit the inner ear and feed on ear debris.
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In cats, another presentation can be seen, which is that of an ectopic infection where signs are seen on other body parts such as the tail. This is due to contact e.g. cats sleeping in a curled position would allow mites to infest that area. Transmission of the mites can occur to kittens whilst they are suckling.
  
 
==Identification==
 
==Identification==
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The mites have closed keratinous bars, '''apodemes''' on their ventral surface. They are smaller in size than [[psoroptes cuniculi]] and have short pedicles on their first and second pairs of legs.
  
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The mites have closed keratinous bars, '''apodemes''' on their ventral surface. They are smaller in size than [[psoroptes cuniculi]]
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==Lifecycle==
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The Life cycle of an ''Otodectes'' mite takes '''3 weeks'''. The females lay around five eggs a day on the surface of the ear canal. Four days later, larvae hatch and become nymphs. There are two nymphal stages before an adult mite is formed.
  
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*Life cycle takes '''3 weeks'''
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==Clinical Signs==
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Clinical signs include '''head shaking, scratching of the ear''' and even the development of an '''aural haematoma''' because of the two above signs. The animal may often resent this area being touched.
  
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A '''brown waxy exudate''' is produced and this later becomes crusty. If secondary bacterial infection has occurred then pus will also be seen in the ear canal.
  
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==Diagnosis==
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Clinical signs and history are indicative of the disease.
  
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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'''Visualisation''' of the mites via an auroscope will provide definitive diagnosis.
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*The majority of cats harbour the mites, however only a few show symptoms
 
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**Transmission occurs whilst kittens are suckling
 
  
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*Common cause of [[Otitis Externa - Small Animal|otitis externa]] in dogs
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== Treatment ==
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Topical ear drops usually contain '''acaricide, fungicide, antibiotics and steroids'''. These should be dropped into the ear and the base of the ear then massaged to help the drops disperse. In cases of severe wax build up, ceruminolytics may be useful.
  
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*Brown waxy exudate produced
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'''Selamectin''' as a spot on also acts to prevent ''Otodectes''.
  
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*Can lead to secondary infection
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'''All in contact animals should be treated''' in the household as these may be asymptomatic carriers.
  
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*Clinical signs are apparent
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== References ==
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**Head shaking
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Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) '''Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary''' (2nd Edition),'' Elsevier Science''.
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**Ear scratching
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<br>
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**Aural haematomata
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Bond, R. (2008) '''Dermatology Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''
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<br>
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Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) '''BSAVA small animal dermatology''' (second edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association ''
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<br>
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Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) '''Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites, '''''Royal Veterinary College ''
  
  
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'''Treatment'''
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<big><b>Also see:
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*Acaracidal ear drops
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:[[Otitis Externa - Cat and Dog|Ear Mites in Cats and Dogs]]
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**Massage base of ear to disperse drops after treatment
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:[[Mites - Ferrets#Ear Mites|Ear Mites in Ferrets]]
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</b></big>
  
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*Most treatments need to be repeated in 10-14 days to kill newly hatched mites
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{{Learning
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|flashcards = [[Mites_Flashcards|Mites Flashcards]]
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|literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=%22Otodectes+cynotis%22&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=AND&q2=&occuring2=freetext&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&x=67&y=17&publishedstart=yyyy&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all ''Otodectes cynotis'' publications]
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|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=mite Mites]
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}}
  
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*Selamectin can be used as a spot-on treatment
 
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**Prolonged duration of action
 
  
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*Treat all in-contact animals
 
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**These may be asymptomatic carriers
 
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[[Category:Non-Burrowing_Mites]][[Category:Dog]]
 
  
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[[Category:To_Do_-_AimeeHicks]]
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{{review}}
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{{OpenPages}}
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[[Category:Non-Burrowing_Mites]]
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[[Category:Expert_Review]]

Latest revision as of 17:17, 4 June 2016


Otodectes cynotis
Phylum Arthropoda
Class Arachnida
Order Astigmata
Family Psoroptidia
Genus Otodectes
Species O.cynotis

Also known as: Ear mite

Otodectes cynotis C. Antonczyk 2008
Otodectes cynotis Caroldermoid 2006, wikimedia commons

Introduction

Otodectes cynotis mites are surface mites. They are the cause of otodectic otitis, the most common mange of dogs and cats in the world. They are also found in the fox and the ferret. The mites inhabit the inner ear and feed on ear debris, they appear white in colour.

Pruritus is caused by irritation and the saliva of the mites, which is immunogenic. Secondary bacterial infection is common, resulting in purulent otitis externa which will require more treatment.

In cats, another presentation can be seen, which is that of an ectopic infection where signs are seen on other body parts such as the tail. This is due to contact e.g. cats sleeping in a curled position would allow mites to infest that area. Transmission of the mites can occur to kittens whilst they are suckling.

Identification

The mites have closed keratinous bars, apodemes on their ventral surface. They are smaller in size than psoroptes cuniculi and have short pedicles on their first and second pairs of legs.

Lifecycle

The Life cycle of an Otodectes mite takes 3 weeks. The females lay around five eggs a day on the surface of the ear canal. Four days later, larvae hatch and become nymphs. There are two nymphal stages before an adult mite is formed.

Clinical Signs

Clinical signs include head shaking, scratching of the ear and even the development of an aural haematoma because of the two above signs. The animal may often resent this area being touched.

A brown waxy exudate is produced and this later becomes crusty. If secondary bacterial infection has occurred then pus will also be seen in the ear canal.

Diagnosis

Clinical signs and history are indicative of the disease.

Visualisation of the mites via an auroscope will provide definitive diagnosis.

Treatment

Topical ear drops usually contain acaricide, fungicide, antibiotics and steroids. These should be dropped into the ear and the base of the ear then massaged to help the drops disperse. In cases of severe wax build up, ceruminolytics may be useful.

Selamectin as a spot on also acts to prevent Otodectes.

All in contact animals should be treated in the household as these may be asymptomatic carriers.

References

Blood, D.C. and Studdert, V. P. (1999) Saunders Comprehensive Veterinary Dictionary (2nd Edition), Elsevier Science.
Bond, R. (2008) Dermatology Study Guide, Royal Veterinary College.
Foster, A, and Foll, C. (2003) BSAVA small animal dermatology (second edition), British Small Animal Veterinary Association
Fox, M and Jacobs, D. (2007) Parasitology Study Guide Part 1: Ectoparasites, Royal Veterinary College


Also see:

Ear Mites in Cats and Dogs
Ear Mites in Ferrets


Otodectes cynotis Learning Resources
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Test your knowledge using flashcard type questions 		Mites Flashcards
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Literature Search
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(CABI log in required) 		Otodectes cynotis publications




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