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−*Single-stranded negative-sense unsegmented RNA virus+*Reassortment and antigenic shift cannot occur+*Spike proteins include
−**'''HN''' (Haemagglutinin and Neuraminidase)
−**'''F''' (Fusion glycoprotein), which allows the virus to fuse directly to the plasma membrane and release its RNA
−***F also causes syncitium to form, which aids diagnosis
−***Host antibody response to the F protein is the basis for vaccination
−==Virulence==
−*Paramyxoviruses replicate in the epithelium of the upper respiratory tract as well as occasionally in the gut
−**Sites of spike protein cleavage
−*Virulence varies by virus, see below
−Paramoyxoviridae was reclassified in 2000 to include 2 subfamilies and 5 genera, of interest including:
−*Subfamily: ''[[Paramyxovirinae]]'':
−*Subfamily: ''Pneumovirinae''+**[[Paramyxoviridae#Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)|Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)]]
−**Turkey Rhinotracheitis Virus
−
−==Antigenic Variation==
−*Antigenic conservation allows some cross protection by vaccination:
−**Conservation of major virus-specific F/HN antigens means vaccines protect against '''all isolates''' of the same virus
−**Minor morbillivirus-specific epitopes on F allows some cross protection between '''canine distemper, measles, and rinderpest'''
−*Antigenic "fingerprinting" is possible for some viruses based on minor variable epitopes of HN, F and NP on specific isolates as detected by monoclonal antibodies
−**These are detected by immunostaining infected cells
−
−==Paramyxoviridae by Species==
−
−==Avian==
−===[[Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV)]]===
−
−==Canine==
−===[[Canine Parainfluenza - 2 (aka Parainfluenza - 5)]]===
−
−===[[Canine Distemper Virus (CDV)]]===
−
−==Bovine==
−===[[Bovine Parainfluenza - 3 (PI-3)]]===
−
−===[[Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV)]]===
−
−==Equine==
−===[[Hendra Virus]]===
−
−==Porcine==
−===[[Nipah Virus]]===
−
−==Reptiles==
−===[[Reptilian Paramyxoviruses]]===
−
−==Rodentia==
−===Murine Parainfluenza - 1 (Sendai virus)===
−*Endemic in many '''mouse''' colonies
−*Most mice show no symptoms due to maternal antibodies
−*But minor respiratory lesions may invalidate carcinogenic or toxicological studies
−*Immunological studies also confused due to virus activating [[Lymphocytes - WikiBlood#Natural Killer (NK) Cells|NK cells]] via high circulating [[Innate Immune System - WikiBlood#Interferons|IF]] 3-4 days post-infection
−*Control achieved by:
−**Purchasing '''specific pathogen free (SPF)''' mice
−**Kill whole colony in an outbreak -> disinfection -> formalin fumigation
−
−=Other resources=
−*[http://www.pitt.edu/~super1/lecture/lec3401/index.htm On line Paramyxoviridae lecture by P. Russell]
−
−
{{unfinished}}
+{{frontpage
+|pagetitle =Paramyxoviridae
+|pagebody =
+|contenttitle =Content
+|contentbody =<big><b>
−==Morphology==
+<categorytree mode=pages>Paramyxoviridae</categorytree>
−|logo =
−}}
−==Types and Subtypes==
+{{Learning |Vetstream = <p>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00215.asp Canine Distemper]</p><p>[https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Bug/bug00210.asp Canine Parainfluenza Virus 2]</p>}}
−[[Category:Viral Organisms]]
−[[Category:Viruses]]