Difference between revisions of "Oestrus Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology"
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== Introduction == | == Introduction == | ||
+ | == Cow == | ||
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== Ewe == | == Ewe == | ||
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== Sow == | == Sow == | ||
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* Oestrus detection is a crucial assessment to ensure sows are presented to the boar at the correct time. | * Oestrus detection is a crucial assessment to ensure sows are presented to the boar at the correct time. | ||
* Good relationship between weaning and return of oestrus, unlike the cow. | * Good relationship between weaning and return of oestrus, unlike the cow. | ||
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* Vulva swollen and congested 3 days prior to Oestrus. | * Vulva swollen and congested 3 days prior to Oestrus. | ||
* Desire to seek the boar. | * Desire to seek the boar. | ||
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− | ---- | + | * Observe twice daily remote from feeding time. |
+ | * Stands for a boar producing lots of [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Pheramones|pheramones]] in [[Oral_Cavity_-_Salivary_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Saliva|saliva]]. | ||
== Mare == | == Mare == | ||
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* Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion. | * Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion. | ||
− | * May be a slight [[ | + | * May be a slight [[General_Pathology_-_Oedema|oedema]] of the vulva and a mucoid discharge. |
* Generally mares return to oestrous about 6-10 days after foaling. | * Generally mares return to oestrous about 6-10 days after foaling. | ||
** Called a ''''foal heat'''' because often the foal develops [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] at this time, which makes the oestrus easy to detect. | ** Called a ''''foal heat'''' because often the foal develops [[Diarrhoea|diarrhoea]] at this time, which makes the oestrus easy to detect. | ||
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* Commonly teasing is performed (usually daily) using a less valuable stallion over a 'teasing board'. | * Commonly teasing is performed (usually daily) using a less valuable stallion over a 'teasing board'. | ||
− | * Mare will stand as if to urinate, lift her tail and lean her | + | * Mare will stand as if to urinate, lift her tail and lean her hidquarters toward the stallion. |
* Mare repeatedly exposes her clitoris ('winking') | * Mare repeatedly exposes her clitoris ('winking') | ||
− | * If the mare is in oestrus, the stallion usually demonstrates a [[ | + | * If the mare is in oestrus, the stallion usually demonstrates a [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Pre-copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Flehmen_Response|Flehmen response]]. |
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− | + | '''''Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection''''' | |
− | * Detection of a [[ | + | * Detection of a [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''follicle''']] and absence of a [[The_Ovary_-Corpus_Luteum_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''corpus luteum''']] by palpation or ultrasound examination of [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovaries]]. |
* Demonstration of follicle size, follicle wall thickening and follicle wall softening on ultrasound. | * Demonstration of follicle size, follicle wall thickening and follicle wall softening on ultrasound. | ||
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---- | ---- | ||
== Bitch == | == Bitch == | ||
− | * Long period of '''proestrus''' where the bitch is [[ | + | * Long period of '''proestrus''' where the bitch is [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|attractive]], but will not allow mating. |
** Characterized by: | ** Characterized by: | ||
*** Vulval swelling | *** Vulval swelling | ||
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** Deviation of the tail | ** Deviation of the tail | ||
** Discharge becomes paler in colour | ** Discharge becomes paler in colour | ||
− | ** Reduction in vulval [[ | + | ** Reduction in vulval [[General_Pathology_-_Oedema|oedema]] |
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+ | * Poor relationship between time of ovulation and external appearance. | ||
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− | + | '''''Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection''''' | |
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* Assessment of vulval softening | * Assessment of vulval softening | ||
− | * Assessment of [[ | + | * Assessment of [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Histology_and_Innervation|vaginal epithelial cells]] |
− | * Examination of the appearance of the [[ | + | * Examination of the appearance of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vaginal]] wall. |
− | * Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds | + | * Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds '''ovulation''' in this species). |
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== Queen == | == Queen == | ||
− | + | * Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an '''induced ovulator''' (thus '''ovulation''' will not be missed, the LH response to mating decreases with each day of oestrus and [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|'''follicles''']] ultimately regress. | |
− | * Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an '''induced ovulator''' (thus | ||
* '''Proestrus''' is short and often unnoticed. | * '''Proestrus''' is short and often unnoticed. | ||
− | * Oestrus is characterized by increased [[ | + | * Oestrus is characterized by increased [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Attractivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Auditory_Signals|vocalization]],rubbing and rolling. |
* Queen is more active and will seek the tom. | * Queen is more active and will seek the tom. | ||
* Stands to be mated by lowering her front quarters and extending her hind legs. | * Stands to be mated by lowering her front quarters and extending her hind legs. | ||
− | * Demonstrates [[ | + | * Demonstrates [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Receptivity_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|lordosis]] |
* Tail erect and held to one side. | * Tail erect and held to one side. | ||
* Slight mucoid vulval discharge. | * Slight mucoid vulval discharge. | ||
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Revision as of 09:23, 11 July 2008
Introduction
Cow
Ewe
Sow
- Oestrus detection is a crucial assessment to ensure sows are presented to the boar at the correct time.
- Good relationship between weaning and return of oestrus, unlike the cow.
- Vulva swollen and congested 3 days prior to Oestrus.
- Desire to seek the boar.
- Observe twice daily remote from feeding time.
- Stands for a boar producing lots of pheramones in saliva.
Mare
- Oestrous detection is a problem because mares not in oestrus can cause significant damage to a stallion.
- May be a slight oedema of the vulva and a mucoid discharge.
- Generally mares return to oestrous about 6-10 days after foaling.
- Called a 'foal heat' because often the foal develops diarrhoea at this time, which makes the oestrus easy to detect.
- Fertility may not be high at 'foal heat' oestrus.
- Called a 'foal heat' because often the foal develops diarrhoea at this time, which makes the oestrus easy to detect.
- Mares with an older foal at foot may not show signs of oestrus, as they are protective of the foal ('foal shy').
- Commonly teasing is performed (usually daily) using a less valuable stallion over a 'teasing board'.
- Mare will stand as if to urinate, lift her tail and lean her hidquarters toward the stallion.
- Mare repeatedly exposes her clitoris ('winking')
- If the mare is in oestrus, the stallion usually demonstrates a Flehmen response.
Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection
- Detection of a follicle and absence of a corpus luteum by palpation or ultrasound examination of ovaries.
- Demonstration of follicle size, follicle wall thickening and follicle wall softening on ultrasound.
Bitch
- Long period of proestrus where the bitch is attractive, but will not allow mating.
- Characterized by:
- Vulval swelling
- Presence of serosanguinous discharge
- Characterized by:
- Followed by standing oestrus:
- Standing to be mated
- Deviation of the tail
- Discharge becomes paler in colour
- Reduction in vulval oedema
- Poor relationship between time of ovulation and external appearance.
Clinical Methods and Assessments for Oestrus Detection
- Assessment of vulval softening
- Assessment of vaginal epithelial cells
- Examination of the appearance of the vaginal wall.
- Measurement of plasma progesterone concentration (detecting a rise in progesterone that preceeds ovulation in this species).
Queen
- Oestrus detection is important, for although the queen is an induced ovulator (thus ovulation will not be missed, the LH response to mating decreases with each day of oestrus and follicles ultimately regress.
- Proestrus is short and often unnoticed.
- Oestrus is characterized by increased vocalization,rubbing and rolling.
- Queen is more active and will seek the tom.
- Stands to be mated by lowering her front quarters and extending her hind legs.
- Demonstrates lordosis
- Tail erect and held to one side.
- Slight mucoid vulval discharge.