88
edits
Changes
no edit summary
Line 1:
Line 1:
−*Damage to [[Ameloblasts - Anatomy & Physiology|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]]) in utero upsets permanent incisor formation. +*[[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|Enamel]] is marked by pits, lines etc. +
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+
+====In ruminants:====
−*Damage to [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] formation most often caused by fluoride poisoning.
−*Seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
−*Chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
−
−====In canines:====
−[[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal Hypoplasia Following a CDV infection (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
−Very severe systemic disease early in life / or in utero may result in severe discoloration or pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] due to effect on [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] formation. (e.g. [[Canine Distemper Virus|distemper in dog]])
{{OpenPagesTop}}
−Also known as: '''''Enamel Hypoplasia'''''
+== Introduction ==
+[[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
+This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.
+In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
+In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]]
+Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident.
+== Clinical Signs ==
+In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.
+In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation.
+== Diagnosis ==
+Clinical signs are diagnostic, plus history e.g. of CDV in dogs, fluoride in cattle.
+== Treatment and Control ==
+There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle.
+If only a single tooth is affected, restorative treatment can be performed using dental composites or a metal-alloy jacket crown.
+{{Learning
+|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=Odontodystrophy Odontodystrophy]
+|flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 13]]
+}}
+== References ==
+Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.''
+Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''
+Verstraete, F. (1999) '''Self-assessment colour review in Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson Publishing''
+{{review}}
+{{OpenPages}}
−[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]
[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]
−[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Dog]]
+[[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]]
−[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
+[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]