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Also known as: '''''Enamel Hypoplasia'''''
== Introduction ==
[[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc.
In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]]
Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident.
== Clinical Signs ==
In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well.
In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation.
== Diagnosis ==
Clinical signs are diagnostic, plus history e.g. of CDV in dogs, fluoride in cattle.
== Treatment and Control ==
There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle.
If only a single tooth is affected, restorative treatment can be performed using dental composites or a metal-alloy jacket crown.
{{Learning
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=Odontodystrophy Odontodystrophy]
|flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 13]]
}}
== References ==
Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.''
Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.''
Verstraete, F. (1999) '''Self-assessment colour review in Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson Publishing''
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[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]
[[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]]
[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Dog]]
[[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
[[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]]