Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Regurgitation describes the '''passive, retrograde movement of food and water''' from the mouth or the oesophagus.

Regurgitation describes the '''passive, retrograde movement of food and water''' from the mouth or the oesophagus.

'''[[Oesophagitis]]''':

'''[[Oesophagitis]]''':

:gastrooesophageal reflux

:Gastrooesophageal reflux

:persistent vomiting

:Persistent vomiting

:[[Hiatal Hernia|hiatal hernia]]

:[[Hiatal Hernia|Hiatal hernia]]

:caustic agents

:Caustic agents

'''[[Megaoesophagus]]''':

'''[[Megaoesophagus]]''':

:Congenital megaoesophagus: idiopathic or [[Myasthenia Gravis|myasthenia gravis]]

:Congenital megaoesophagus: idiopathic or [[Myasthenia Gravis|myasthenia gravis]]

:acquired megaoesophagus

:Acquired megaoesophagus

:neuropathy: polyradioculoneuropathy

:Neuropathy: polyradioculoneuropathy

:immune-mediated: polyneuritis, polymyositis, SLE, myasthenia gravis, [[Canine Dermatomyositis|dermatomyositis]]

:Immune-mediated: polyneuritis, polymyositis, [[SLE]], myasthenia gravis, [[Canine Dermatomyositis|dermatomyositis]]

:myopathy

:Myopathy

:metabolic: [[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], [[Hypoadrenocorticism|hypoadrenocorticism]]

:Metabolic: [[Hypothyroidism|hypothyroidism]], [[Hypoadrenocorticism|hypoadrenocorticism]]

:[[Lead Poisoning|lead toxicity]]

:[[Lead Poisoning|Lead toxicity]]

:[[Canine Distemper Virus|Canine distemper]]

:[[Canine Distemper Virus|Canine distemper]]

:Dysautonomia

:[[Key-Gaskell Syndrome|Dysautonomia]]

'''Pharyngeal disorders''':

'''Pharyngeal disorders''':

:[[Rabies|rabies]]

:[[Rabies|Rabies]]

:foreign body

:Foreign body

:other obstructions

:Other obstructions

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

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There may be additional signs such as '''coughing and dyspnoea''' secondary to aspiration pneumonia.

There may be additional signs such as '''coughing and dyspnoea''' secondary to [[Aspiration Pneumonia|aspiration pneumonia]].

Weakness may be present due to a '''systemic disorder''' such as myasthenia gravis, Addison's disease, polymyositis.

Weakness may be present due to a '''systemic disorder''' such as myasthenia gravis, [[Addison's disease]], polymyositis.

Animals usually have a '''ravenous appetite'''.

Animals usually have a '''ravenous appetite'''.

'''Physical examination''' may involve oesophageal palpation, lung auscultation to check for aspiration pneumonia, checking for underlying or concurrent diseases.

'''Physical examination''' may involve oesophageal palpation, lung auscultation to check for aspiration pneumonia, checking for underlying or concurrent diseases.

'''Plain radiography''': may detect a radioopaque foreign body

'''Plain radiography''': may detect a radioopaque foreign body.

'''Contrast radiography''': for radiolucent foreign bodies, obstructions, megaoesophagus.

'''Contrast radiography''': for radiolucent foreign bodies, obstructions, megaoesophagus.

General '''medical management''' may include: sucralfate liquid to act as a chemical bandage for the oesophagus, ranitidine and omeprazole to inhibit gastric acid secretion which may contribute to oesophagitis.

General '''medical management''' may include: sucralfate liquid to act as a chemical bandage for the oesophagus, ranitidine and omeprazole to inhibit gastric acid secretion which may contribute to oesophagitis.

'''Complications''' following oesophageal disease include: [[Aspiration Pneumonia|aspiration pneumonia]] which should be treated aggressively, [[Oesophageal Stricture|oesophageal strictures]], continued oesophagitis, perforation, fistula, diverticulum formation, motility disorders.

'''Complications''' following oesophageal disease include: [[Aspiration Pneumonia|aspiration pneumonia]] which should be treated aggressively, [[Oesophageal Stricture|oesophageal strictures]], continued [[oesophagitis]], perforation, [[Oesophageal Fistula|fistula]], diverticulum formation, motility disorders.

The prognosis is usually '''guarded'''.

The prognosis is usually '''guarded'''.

{{Learning

{{Learning

|flashcards = [[Feline Medicine Q&A 07]]

|flashcards = [[Feline Medicine Q&A 07]]

}}

}}

Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's guide to small animal clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing''

Pasquini, C. (1999) '''Tschauner's guide to small animal clinics''' ''Sudz Publishing''

[[Category:To Do - Helen]]

 

[[Category:To Do - Review]]

 

 

[[Category:Oesophagus - Pathology]]

[[Category:Expert Review]]