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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
** Overall decreased absorptive capacity.
** Overall decreased absorptive capacity.
* The cellular infiltrate may result from:
* The cellular infiltrate may result from:
** Chronic inflammation (e.g. [[Intestines - Proliferative Enteritis#Paratuberculosis (Johnes disease)|Johnes disease]]).
** Chronic inflammation (e.g. [[Johne's Disease|Johnes disease]]).
** Immunologically mediated reactions (e.g. [[Intestines - Inflammatory Bowel Disease And Related Conditions#Eosinophilic Enteritis|eosinophilic enteropathy]]).
** Immunologically mediated reactions (e.g. [[Inflammatory Bowel Disease#Eosinophilic Enteritis|eosinophilic enteropathy]]).
** Neoplasia (e.g. [[Intestine Proliferative - Pathology#Lymphoma|intestinal lymphoma]]).
** Neoplasia (e.g. [[Lymphoma|intestinal lymphoma]]).
* Inflammatory or reactive processes immediately below the epithelium may provoke interference with epithelial transport processes and increase the tendency to diarrhoea.
* Inflammatory or reactive processes immediately below the epithelium may provoke interference with epithelial transport processes and increase the tendency to diarrhoea.
===Acute Destructive Enteropathies===
===Acute Destructive Enteropathies===
* Invasive bacterial infections such as [[Intestines - Fibrinous/ Haemorrhagic Enteritis#Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]] result in epithelial destruction and loss of surface area.
* Invasive bacterial infections such as [[Salmonellosis|Salmonellosis]] result in epithelial destruction and loss of surface area.
* There is also active exudation of extracellular fluids from the eroded/ ulcerated mucosal surface.
* There is also active exudation of extracellular fluids from the eroded/ ulcerated mucosal surface.
** Exacerbated by the increased vascular permeability associated with inflammation.
** Exacerbated by the increased vascular permeability associated with inflammation.
* Affects pigs, cattle and dogs.
* Affects pigs, cattle and dogs.
** For more information on the pig, see [[Intestines Catarrhal Enteritis - Pathology#Transmissible Gastro-Enteritis (TGE)|transmissable gastro-enteritis in the pig]].
** For more information on the pig, see [[Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus|transmissable gastro-enteritis in the pig]].
* Caused by a coronavirus, which attacks mature absorptive cells of the intestinal villi.
* Caused by a coronavirus, which attacks mature absorptive cells of the intestinal villi.
* Gives excessive loss of surface epithelial cells.
* Gives excessive loss of surface epithelial cells.
==Diarrhoea in Small Intestinal Disease Only==
==Diarrhoea in Small Intestinal Disease Only==
* When disease is present only in the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], diarrhoea occurs only when the reserve capacity of the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] to resorb water is exceeded.
* When disease is present only in the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]], diarrhoea occurs only when the reserve capacity of the [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] to resorb water is exceeded.
** The [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is able to resorb up to 3-4 times the volume normally presented from the [[Small Intestine - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]].
** The [[Colon - Anatomy & Physiology|colon]] is able to resorb up to 3-4 times the volume normally presented from the [[Small Intestine Overview - Anatomy & Physiology|small intestine]].
* Therefore, for diarrhoea to occur, small intestinal disease must either:
* Therefore, for diarrhoea to occur, small intestinal disease must either:
** Be severe, or
** Be severe, or
** Interference with mucosal transport processes.
** Interference with mucosal transport processes.
** Destruction or loss of surface area.
** Destruction or loss of surface area.
{{Learning
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/Content/Freeform/fre00889.asp Diarrhea: overview]
}}
[[Category:Intestines,_Small_and_Large_-_Pathology]]
[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]