Changes

*Bile duct hyperplasia

*Bile duct hyperplasia

'''Bile duct hyperplasia''' around portal regions is a non-specific response to a variety of long-standing hepatic insults, but occurs especially in association with diseases that [[Biliary Tract - Obstruction|obstruct bile drainage]].

'''Bile duct hyperplasia''' around portal regions is a non-specific response to a variety of long-standing hepatic insults, but occurs especially in association with diseases that [[Biliary Tract Obstruction|obstruct bile drainage]].

'''Vascular abnormalities''' are also associated with cirrhosis. Anastomoses occur between the hepatic portal vein and systemic vasculature due to increased portal pressure. Additionally, [[Portosystemic Shunt|vascular shunts]] can result within regenerative nodules, either between central and portal veins, or  between hepatic arteries and central veins.

'''Vascular abnormalities''' are also associated with cirrhosis. Anastomoses occur between the hepatic portal vein and systemic vasculature due to increased portal pressure. Additionally, [[Portosystemic Shunt|vascular shunts]] can result within regenerative nodules, either between central and portal veins, or  between hepatic arteries and central veins.

**[[Hepatitis, Lobular Dissecting|Lobular dissecting hepatitis in dogs]]

**[[Hepatitis, Lobular Dissecting|Lobular dissecting hepatitis in dogs]]

**Hepatitis due to [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis|infectious canine hepatitis virus]]

**Hepatitis due to [[Infectious Canine Hepatitis|infectious canine hepatitis virus]]

*Chronic [[cholangitis]] or [[Biliary Tract - Obstruction|bile duct obstruction]]

*Chronic [[cholangitis]] or [[Biliary Tract Obstruction|bile duct obstruction]]

*Chronic toxicity  

*Chronic toxicity  

**[[Ragwort Toxicity|Pyrrolizidine alkaloid plants]] in herbivores

**[[Ragwort Toxicity|Pyrrolizidine alkaloid plants]] in herbivores

Cirrhosis is usually the end result of multiple pathological processes, in particular cell death and active inflammation with fibrosis. Regardless of the original underlying aetiology, however, the end-stage liver can no longer perform its functions, and is therefore associated with clinical manifestations of [[Liver Failure|hepatic failure]].

Cirrhosis is usually the end result of multiple pathological processes, in particular cell death and active inflammation with fibrosis. Regardless of the original underlying aetiology, however, the end-stage liver can no longer perform its functions, and is therefore associated with clinical manifestations of [[Liver Failure|hepatic failure]].

==References ==

==References ==

 

[[Category:Liver_-_General_Pathology]]

[[Category:Liver_-_General_Pathology]]

[[Category:Nicola Parry reviewing]]

[[Category:Nicola Parry reviewed]]