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Strongyles - Donkey (view source)

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==Introduction==
 
==Introduction==
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===Large strongyles===
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[[Image:Large strongyles donkey.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Large strongyles (Image courtesy of [http://drupal.thedonkeysanctuary.org.uk The Donkey Sanctuary])</center></small>]]
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The common large strongyle species infecting equids are ''Strongylus vulgaris, S.edentatus and S. equinus''. Similar species are observed in horses and donkeys. A new species, ''Strongylus asini'', has been seen in donkeys and other wild equids. ''Triodontophorus spp''., some ''Craterostomum spp''., and ''Oesophagodontus robustus'' are also in this group.
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* ''S. vulgaris'' are pathogenic due to damage caused by vascular migration
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* A study in Zimbabwe has shown that the intensities of infection of adults in the large intestine and larvae in the cranial mesenteric artery and its branches were much higher than those recorded in horses (Pandey and Eysker, 1989)
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* ''S. edentatus'' migrates through the liver and peritoneum, causing associated damage
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Similar pathogenic effects of ''S. vulgaris'' in donkeys to those found in horses have been reported. In donkeys, various lesion types have been recorded. These include minimal arterial lesions, small thrombi and substantial thrombi, the size of a tennis ball, where the arterial wall is greatly thickened, corrugated, gritty and full of larvae. These arterial lesions, which can interfere with the blood supply to major parts of the alimentary tract, may be one of the major contributory factors for the weakness, low productivity and early demise of working donkeys.
      
===Small strongyles – Cyathostomins===
 
===Small strongyles – Cyathostomins===
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==References==
 
==References==
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* Trawford, A. and Getachew, M. (2008) Parasites In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 6
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* Christopher J Corbett, Sandy Love, Anna Moore, Faith A. Burden, Jacqui. B. Matthews, Matthew Denwood. January 2014. The effectiveness of faecal removal methods of pasture management to control the cyathostomin burden of donkeys. Parasites and Vectors. 7:48.
 
* Lichtenfels, J.R., Kharchenko, V.A., Krecek, R.C., and Gibbons, L.M. (1998). ‘An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognised species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world’. ''Vet. Parasitol''., 79. pp 65-79.
 
* Lichtenfels, J.R., Kharchenko, V.A., Krecek, R.C., and Gibbons, L.M. (1998). ‘An annotated checklist by genus and species of 93 species level names for 51 recognised species of small strongyles (Nematoda: Strongyloidea: Cyathostominea) of horses, asses and zebras of the world’. ''Vet. Parasitol''., 79. pp 65-79.
 
* Pandey, V.S., Eysker, M. (1989). ‘''Strongylus vulgaris'' in donkeys (Equus asinus) from the highveld of Zimbabwe’. ''Vet. Parasitol'. 32. pp 173-179.
 
* Pandey, V.S., Eysker, M. (1989). ‘''Strongylus vulgaris'' in donkeys (Equus asinus) from the highveld of Zimbabwe’. ''Vet. Parasitol'. 32. pp 173-179.
 
* Rose, R.J., Hodgson, D.R. (2000). ''Manual of Equine Practice''. W.B Saunders, Pennsylvania, USA.
 
* Rose, R.J., Hodgson, D.R. (2000). ''Manual of Equine Practice''. W.B Saunders, Pennsylvania, USA.
 
* Trawford, A.F., Morriss, C.J., Bell, N.J., and Reid, S.W.J. (2001). ‘Comparing the Efficacy of Moxidectin with Ivermectin in the Donkey’. Paper presented at: The 18th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. 26-30 August. Stressa, Italy.
 
* Trawford, A.F., Morriss, C.J., Bell, N.J., and Reid, S.W.J. (2001). ‘Comparing the Efficacy of Moxidectin with Ivermectin in the Donkey’. Paper presented at: The 18th International Conference of the World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology. 26-30 August. Stressa, Italy.
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* Trawford, A. and Getachew, M. (2008) Parasites In Svendsen, E.D., Duncan, J. and Hadrill, D. (2008) ''The Professional Handbook of the Donkey'', 4th edition, Whittet Books, Chapter 6
     
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