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| − | == Artificial Vagina ==
| + | <big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big> |
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| − | === Introduction ===
| + | <big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Reproductive_Technologies|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big> |
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| − | * Simulates the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vaginal conditions]] of a female in oestrus.
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| − | * Generally consist of
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| − | ** Outer casing of reinforced rubber
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| − | ** Rubber liner that can be lubricated
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| − | * Temperature and pressure are controlled by water placed between the casing and liner.
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| − | * One end is attached to a funnel-like cone that is attached to a collection vessel, usually a non-breakable test tube.
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| − | * The desgin of the artificial vagina should accomplish the following:
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| − | ** Provide a suitable environment for stimulation of the glans penis.
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| − | ** Provide an environment that prevents damage to the penis.
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| − | ** Provide an environment that maximizes sperm recovery and minimizes sperm insult.
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| − | === Advantages and Disadvantages of Using a Surrogate Stimulus ===
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| − | * Males need training to [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Mounting|mount]] a surrogate animal or 'dummy'.
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| − | * '''Advantages''' of a surrogate animal:
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| − | ** Ease of cleaning
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| − | ** Minimizes risk of injury
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| − | ** Minimizes risk of disease transmission
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| − | ** Surrogate animals do not require feed input, housing or labour for maintenance.
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| − | ** Size can be easily adjusted to accommodate various males.
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| − | ** Can be mobile, so location can be changed with ease. This avoids changing location of the male - which is more dangerous, especially with Bulls.
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| − | * '''Disadvantages''' of a surrogate animal:
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| − | ** Changing the location of teasers is difficult.
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| − | ** Requires previous training of the male
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| − | === Species Differences ===
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| − | * '''Stallion''':
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| − | ** Leather outer casing equiped with a port to drain water.
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| − | ** Collection vessel and protective covering
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| − | ** Ideally, [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]] takes place in a collection cone so that most semen drains directly into the collection vessel.
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| − | ** Surrogate stimulus used to collect semen from the Stallion is referred to as a ''''phantom''''.
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| − | *** Phantom has a biting belt to provide the stallion with a surface to bite during [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Mounting|mounting]] thus providing a means for natural behaviour.
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| − | ** It is possible to palpate the urethra at the base of the penis to detect ejaculation. There may also be associated tail movements.
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| − | * '''Bull''':
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| − | ** Black casing
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| − | ** Rubber liner
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| − | ** Collection cone and collection vessel
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| − | ** Water is placed between the casing and the liner.
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| − | ** Proper temperature critical for successful [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]].
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| − | ** Protective covering placed over the cone and collection vessel to prevent [[Artificial Insemination - Anatomy & Physiology#Seminal Extenders|cold shock]] of the semen.
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| − | * '''Boar''':
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| − | ** Bulb that can apply pressure to the artificial vagina.
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| − | *** High pressure is obligatory for stimulation of the glans penis and [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]] in the boar.
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| − | ** Outer casing and liner
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| − | ** Protective covering that houses the collection vessel.
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| − | * '''Ram and Buck''':
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| − | ** Rubber casing with a valve through which water can be added or emptied.
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| − | ** Rubber liner and collection vessel.
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| − | ** Protective covering
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| − | == Electroejaculation ==
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| − | * Electrical stimulation of the [[Accessory Sex Glands - Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] and the pelvic urethra.
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| − | *Used in males of high genetic value that cannot physically perform [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Mounting|mounting]] and [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]].
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| − | * Electric probe is inserted into the [[Rectum_- Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]] adjacent to the prostate.
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| − | * Probe delivers a single electric current of around 15 volts under general anaesthetic.
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| − | * Simulates nearby nerves, resulting in contraction of the pelvic muscles and [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculation]].
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| − | {{Learning
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| − | |flashcards = [[Equine Reproduction and Stud Medicine Q&A 03]]
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| − | }}
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| − | [[Category:Reproductive Technologies]]
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| − | [[Category:Bullet Points]]
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