Difference between revisions of "Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology"

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==Mounting==
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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
  
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[[Image:Reproductive Behaviour mounting.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Mounting Behaviour</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
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<big><center>[[ Reproductive_System#Reproductive_Behaviour |'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR''']]</center></big>
  
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* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
 
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* Learned behaviour
 
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== Intromission==
 
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* Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
 
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----
 
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== Ejaculation ==
 
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[[Image:Site of Sperm Deposition.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Summary Table showing Ejaculate Characteristics of Various Species</p><sup> Copyright Nottingham University 2008.</sup>]]
 
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* The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
 
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* Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
 
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* Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
 
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** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
 
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* Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans penis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
 
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* Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
 
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* Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
 
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** '''Urethralis''' muscle
 
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** '''Ischiocavernosus''' muscle
 
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** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
 
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* '''Emission''' and ejaculation
 
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** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Accessory_Sex_Glands_- Anatomy & Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
 
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** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
 
  
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----
 
  
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==Species Differences==
 
  
 
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
 
{| style="width:75%; height:200px" border="1"
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| 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
 
| 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp)
 
| 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase)
 
| 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase)
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| 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences
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| 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences.
 
|-
 
|-
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| '''Volume of Ejaculate (ml)'''
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| '''Volume of Ejaculate'''
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| 0.8-1.0
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| Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen
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| 3-5
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| Visual Search,Flehmen
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| 75-120
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| Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen
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| 200-250
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| Moving among Females
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Site of Semen Deposition'''
 
| '''Site of Semen Deposition'''
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| External Cervical Os
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| Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen
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| Fornix Vagina
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| Visual Search,Flehmen
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| External Cervical Os, but Semen Enters Uterus at High Pressure
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| Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen
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| Cervix and Uterus
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| Moving among Females
 
|-
 
|-
 
| '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation'''
 
| '''Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation'''
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| 10
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| Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen
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| 20
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| Visual Search,Flehmen
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| 3
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| Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen
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| 3
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| Moving among Females
 
|-
 
|-
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| Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exhaustion (Refractory Period)
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| '''Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exaustion'''
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| 30-40
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| Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen
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| 60-80
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| Visual Search,Flehmen
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| 20
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| Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen
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| 8
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| Moving among Females
 
|-
 
|-
 +
 
|}
 
|}
  
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=== [[Dog Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ===
+
 
 +
== Mounting ==
 +
 
 +
* Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
 +
* Learned behaviour
  
 
----
 
----
  
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=== [[Cat Copulatory_Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ===
+
== Intromission ==
 +
 
 +
* Successful entrance of the penis into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]].
  
 
----
 
----
  
−
=== [[Gerbil Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] ===
+
== Ejaculation ==
 +
 
 +
* The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
 +
* Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
 +
* Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
 +
** Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the '''glans penis'''.
 +
* Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans peinis by the '''internal pudendal nerve''' to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
 +
* Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the '''spinal cord'''.
 +
* Forcing of semen into the '''urethra''' by nerves in the '''hypogastric plexus''' innervating target muscles.
 +
** '''Urethralis''' muscle
 +
** '''Ischiocavernosus''' muscle
 +
** '''Bulbospongiosus''' muscle
 +
* '''Emission''' and ejaculation
 +
** Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the [[Reproductive_Tract_-Accessory_Sex_Glands_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|accessory sex glands]] into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
 +
** Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.
  
 
----
 
----
  
 +
== [[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour Dog - Anatomy & Physiology|Dog]] ==
 +
 +
----
 +
 +
== [[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour Cat - Anatomy & Physiology|Cat]] ==
 +
 +
----
  
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[[Category:Reproductive Behaviour]]
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== [[Reproductive Behaviour - Copulatory Behaviour Gerbil - Anatomy & Physiology|Gerbil]] ==
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[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 08:07, 16 July 2008

BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE BEHAVIOUR



Species Ram Bull Stallion Boar
Duration of Copulation 1-2 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) 1-3 seconds (1 Pelvic Thrust with Foreleg Clasp) 20-60 seconds (Multiple Pelvic Thrusts,Flagging,Followed by Innactive Phase) 5-20 minutes (Rapid Pelvic Thrusting to Engage Penis in Cervix) When Penis is Engaged,Thrusting Stops and Ejaculation Commences.
Volume of Ejaculate Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen Visual Search,Flehmen Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen Moving among Females
Site of Semen Deposition Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen Visual Search,Flehmen Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen Moving among Females
Average Numbers of Ejaculations to Satiation Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen Visual Search,Flehmen Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen Moving among Females
Maximum Number of Ejaculations to Exaustion Approach Sexually Active group of Females,Test for Lordosis,Flehmen Visual Search,Flehmen Sniffing & Licking of Ano-Genital Region,Nudging Ewe,Flehmen Moving among Females


Mounting

  • Elevation of the front legs of the male to straddle the posterior region of the female.
  • Learned behaviour

Intromission

  • Successful entrance of the penis into the vagina.

Ejaculation

  • The reflex expulsion of spermatozoa and seminal plasma from the male reproductive tract.
  • Sensory stimulation, primarily to the glans penis causes a series of coordinated muscular contractions.
  • Once intromission has been achieved, reflex impulses are initiated.
    • Neural impulses derived mainly from sensory nerves in the glans penis.
  • Upon threshold stimulation, impulses are transmitted from the glans peinis by the internal pudendal nerve to the lumbosacral region of the spinal cord.
  • Sensory impulses result in firing of nerves in the spinal cord.
  • Forcing of semen into the urethra by nerves in the hypogastric plexus innervating target muscles.
    • Urethralis muscle
    • Ischiocavernosus muscle
    • Bulbospongiosus muscle
  • Emission and ejaculation
    • Emission is the movement of seminal fluids from the accessory sex glands into the pelvic urethra so that they can mix with spermatozoa.
    • Emission occurs before and during ejaculation.

Dog

Cat

Gerbil

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