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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
Ketosis occurs in starvation and also in [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]], [[Ketosis of Cattle|Ketosis of cattle]] and [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|Pregnancy toxaemia of sheep]]. Basically, no carbohydrates are metabolised, in starvation none are available and in diabetes mellitus because there is no insulin present to allow glucose transport into cells.
Ketosis occurs in starvation and also in [[Diabetes Mellitus|diabetes mellitus]], [[Ketosis of Cattle|ketosis of cattle]] and [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|pregnancy toxaemia of sheep]]. Basically, no carbohydrates are metabolised, in starvation none are available and in diabetes mellitus because there is no insulin present to allow glucose transport into cells.
When carbohydrates are not available the body produces energy via the metabolism of fat. Fatty changes can be seen in the liver and kidney following deposition of the mobilised fat.
When carbohydrates are not available the body produces energy via the metabolism of fat. Fatty changes can be seen in the liver and kidney following deposition of the mobilised fat.
This results in an accumulation of ketone bodies (B-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid and acetone) in the blood and other tissues. Two of the ketone bodies are acids resulting in a metabolic acidosis hence the name ketoacidosis.
This results in an accumulation of ketone bodies (B-hydroxybutyric acid, acetoacetic acid and acetone) in the blood and other tissues. Two of the ketone bodies are acids resulting in a metabolic acidosis hence the name ketoacidosis.
==Signalment==
==Signalment==
Affects cattle, ewes and deer, diabetic dogs
Affects cattle, ewes and deer, diabetic dogs.
More frequently affecting animals who have a high body condition store.
More frequently affecting animals who have a high body condition score.
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==
==Laboratory Tests==
==Laboratory Tests==
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
Specific treatments for Ketosis include: IV Glucose (can also be given alongside Insulin), Oral Propylene Glycol (a precursor for glucose), Corticosteroids (e.g. Dexamethasone) which acts as a gluconeogenic and appetite stimulant, Force feeding with a stomach tube
Identify and correct any underlying disease that may be contributing to anorexia or inappetance.
In sheep with pregnancy toxemia, the induction of parturition or a cesarean section should be performed in addition to IV and oral glucose supplementation
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
==References==
==References==
See also: '''[[Ketosis of Cattle|Ketosis of cattle]] — [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|Pregnancy toxaemia of sheep]]'''
See also: '''[[Ketosis of Cattle|Ketosis of cattle]] — [[Pregnancy Toxaemia|Pregnancy toxaemia of sheep]]'''
{{Learning
|Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=ketosis Ketosis]
}}
[[Category:Liver_-_Degenerative_Pathology]]
[[Category:Liver_-_Degenerative_Pathology]]
[[Category:To Do - Clinical]]
[[Category:To Do - Clinical]]