Difference between revisions of "Embryo Transfer - Anatomy & Physiology"

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<big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big>
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<big><center>[[Reproductive_System#Reproductive_Technologies|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES''']]</center></big>
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== Introduction ==
 
== Introduction ==
  
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Multiple ovulation and embryo transfer has been commercially available since the 1970s, but not widely used because it requires a highly skilled team.
 
 
== Synchronization of Recipients with the Donor ==
 
== Synchronization of Recipients with the Donor ==
  
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* GOAL: To synchronize the donor and recipient to be in the same stage of the [[Oestrous Cycle - Anatomy & Physiology|oestrous cycle]].
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* GOAL: To synchronize the donor and recipient to be in the same stage of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-Oestrous_Cycle_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|oestrous cycle]].
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* REASON: To prepare the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] of the recipient to support [[Blastocyst Embryonic Development - Anatomy & Physiology|preattachment embryogenesis]].  
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* REASON: To prepare the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] of the recipient to support [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Embryonic_Development_of_the_Blastocyst-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|preattachment embryogenesis]].  
 
* HOW: Treat recipient with a hormonal regime that induces oestrus to occur at the same time as the donor.
 
* HOW: Treat recipient with a hormonal regime that induces oestrus to occur at the same time as the donor.
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== Superovulation of the Donor ==
 
== Superovulation of the Donor ==
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* GOAL: To hyperstimulate [[Ovary - Anatomy & Physiology|ovaries]] with gonadotrophins.
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* GOAL: To hyperstimulate [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Ovary_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovaries]] with gonadotrophins.
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* REASON: To provide higher than normal numbers of [[Follicles - Anatomy & Physiology|follicles]] that reach dominance and [[Ovulation - Anatomy & Physiology|ovulate]].
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* REASON: To provide higher than normal numbers of [[The_Ovary_-_Follicles_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|follicles]] that reach dominance and [[The_Ovary_-_Ovulation_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|ovulate]].
 
* HOW: Inject donor with gonadotrophins to hyperstimulate follicular development.  Generally '''FSH''' or one of its analogs is used.
 
* HOW: Inject donor with gonadotrophins to hyperstimulate follicular development.  Generally '''FSH''' or one of its analogs is used.
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== Inseminating the Donor ==
 
== Inseminating the Donor ==
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* GOAL: Inseminate donor with semen from genetically superior bulls. To generate the best [[Fertilisation - Anatomy & Physiology|fertilisation]] rates and genetic combinations possible.       
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* GOAL: Inseminate donor with semen from genetically superior bulls. To generate the best [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|fertilisation]] rates and genetic combinations possible.       
 
* REASON: Enhance rate of genetic progress.
 
* REASON: Enhance rate of genetic progress.
 
* HOW: Use highly fertile semen and well-trained, experienced inseminators.
 
* HOW: Use highly fertile semen and well-trained, experienced inseminators.
  
 
== Recovery and Identification of Viable Embryos ==
 
== Recovery and Identification of Viable Embryos ==
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* GOAL: To nonsurgically collect (flush) embryos from the donor to transfer.
 
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* REASON: To recover viable embryos.
 
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* HOW:
 
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** Before the procedure is started, a local anaesthetic is injected to cause relaxation of the [[Rectum_- Anatomy & Physiology|rectum]]. 
 
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** At day 6-8 a specialized catheter has a small balloon that can be inflated to prevent retrogade flow of the flushing medium.
 
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** A flushing medium is then introduced into the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]], lavaged and returned through the catheter to a collection vessel.
 
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== Transfer of Viable Embryos into Synchronised Recipients ==
 
== Transfer of Viable Embryos into Synchronised Recipients ==
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* GOAL: To deposit a potentially viable embryo into the uterine horn of each recipient.
 
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* REASON: To achieve pregnancy in each recipient.
 
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* HOW:
 
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** Both donor and recipient have a [[Corpus Luteum - Anatomy & Physiology|corpus luteum]] at similar stages of leutinization.
 
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** [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|Uterine environment]] in the donor and recipient are quite similar.
 
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** A single embryo is placed into the uterine horn using a transfer pipette.
 
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[[Category:Reproductive Technologies]]
 
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[[Category:Bullet Points]]
 

Revision as of 14:30, 16 July 2008

BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES


Introduction

Synchronization of Recipients with the Donor

  • GOAL: To synchronize the donor and recipient to be in the same stage of the oestrous cycle.
  • REASON: To prepare the uterus of the recipient to support preattachment embryogenesis.
  • HOW: Treat recipient with a hormonal regime that induces oestrus to occur at the same time as the donor.

Superovulation of the Donor

  • GOAL: To hyperstimulate ovaries with gonadotrophins.
  • REASON: To provide higher than normal numbers of follicles that reach dominance and ovulate.
  • HOW: Inject donor with gonadotrophins to hyperstimulate follicular development. Generally FSH or one of its analogs is used.

Inseminating the Donor

  • GOAL: Inseminate donor with semen from genetically superior bulls. To generate the best fertilisation rates and genetic combinations possible.
  • REASON: Enhance rate of genetic progress.
  • HOW: Use highly fertile semen and well-trained, experienced inseminators.

Recovery and Identification of Viable Embryos

Transfer of Viable Embryos into Synchronised Recipients

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