Difference between revisions of "Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology"
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− | + | <big><center>[[Reproductive System|'''BACK TO REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM''']]</center></big> | |
==Introduction== | ==Introduction== | ||
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==Structure== | ==Structure== | ||
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==Function== | ==Function== | ||
− | *Provides a suitable environment for embryo development and attachment | + | *Provides a suitable environment for embryo development and attachment. |
− | *In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase the endometrium produces luteolytic PGF2a to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum | + | *In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase the endometrium produces luteolytic PGF2a to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum. |
*The uterus contributes varying amounts of maternal tissues towards the placenta. | *The uterus contributes varying amounts of maternal tissues towards the placenta. | ||
*The myometrium is involved with sperm transport through the uterus towards the oviduct. | *The myometrium is involved with sperm transport through the uterus towards the oviduct. | ||
− | * | + | *Contrations of the myometrium during parturition is important for feotus and placenta expulsion. |
==Anatomical Location & Boundaries== | ==Anatomical Location & Boundaries== | ||
− | + | The Uterus body and Uterine horns are located within the abdominal cavity dorsal to the Intestinal mass. | |
− | + | -broad ligament? | |
==Histology== | ==Histology== | ||
The appearance of the uterus varies with the stages of the oestrus cycle. | The appearance of the uterus varies with the stages of the oestrus cycle. | ||
− | + | '''Follicular phase''' | |
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*Increasing numbers of uterine glands developing and elongating within the endometrium due to the influence of Oestrogens produced by the developing follicles. | *Increasing numbers of uterine glands developing and elongating within the endometrium due to the influence of Oestrogens produced by the developing follicles. | ||
*General increase in the thickness of the endometrium. | *General increase in the thickness of the endometrium. | ||
*The epithelium lining the glands is Simple Columna epithelium. | *The epithelium lining the glands is Simple Columna epithelium. | ||
− | + | '''Luteal phase''' | |
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*The endometrium is at its maximum thickness with a large number of highly developed glands. | *The endometrium is at its maximum thickness with a large number of highly developed glands. | ||
*This is the secretory phase for the endometrium. | *This is the secretory phase for the endometrium. | ||
− | + | '''Anoestrus''' | |
− | + | *The endothelium is relatively thin and there is little proliferation or gland development. | |
− | + | *The glands are lined by Simple Cuboidal epithelium. | |
− | * The endothelium is relatively thin | ||
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− | * The glands are lined by Simple Cuboidal epithelium. | ||
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==Innervation== | ==Innervation== | ||
− | The uterus is innervated by both | + | The uterus is innervated by both Sypathetic and Parasympathetic fibres which play a part in the regulation of uterine activity. This is highlighted by Iatrogenic manipulation of parturition using β-Adrenoreceptor Agonists for delaying parturition and Antagonists for inducing parturition. However, uterine activity and normal parturition can be acheived when these nerves are severed. |
==Vasculature== | ==Vasculature== | ||
*Uterine branch of the Ovarian artery supplies the cranial parts of the Uterine horns. | *Uterine branch of the Ovarian artery supplies the cranial parts of the Uterine horns. | ||
− | *Uterine artery supplies the rest of the uterine horns and the uterine body. This is a branch off the Internal Iliac artery in most domestic species, except the Mare where | + | *Uterine artery supplies the rest of the uterine horns and the uterine body. This is a branch off the Internal Iliac artery in most domestic species, except the Mare where insted it is a branch off the External Iliac artery. The Uterine artery and the Ovarian artery anastomose within the Broad ligament. |
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− | == | + | ==Links== |
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Revision as of 20:56, 17 July 2008
Introduction
Structure
Function
- Provides a suitable environment for embryo development and attachment.
- In response to increasing amounts of oxytocin production by the corpus luteum during the luteal phase the endometrium produces luteolytic PGF2a to cause degeneration of the corpus luteum.
- The uterus contributes varying amounts of maternal tissues towards the placenta.
- The myometrium is involved with sperm transport through the uterus towards the oviduct.
- Contrations of the myometrium during parturition is important for feotus and placenta expulsion.
Anatomical Location & Boundaries
The Uterus body and Uterine horns are located within the abdominal cavity dorsal to the Intestinal mass. -broad ligament?
Histology
The appearance of the uterus varies with the stages of the oestrus cycle. Follicular phase
- Increasing numbers of uterine glands developing and elongating within the endometrium due to the influence of Oestrogens produced by the developing follicles.
- General increase in the thickness of the endometrium.
- The epithelium lining the glands is Simple Columna epithelium.
Luteal phase
- The endometrium is at its maximum thickness with a large number of highly developed glands.
- This is the secretory phase for the endometrium.
Anoestrus
- The endothelium is relatively thin and there is little proliferation or gland development.
- The glands are lined by Simple Cuboidal epithelium.
Innervation
The uterus is innervated by both Sypathetic and Parasympathetic fibres which play a part in the regulation of uterine activity. This is highlighted by Iatrogenic manipulation of parturition using β-Adrenoreceptor Agonists for delaying parturition and Antagonists for inducing parturition. However, uterine activity and normal parturition can be acheived when these nerves are severed.
Vasculature
- Uterine branch of the Ovarian artery supplies the cranial parts of the Uterine horns.
- Uterine artery supplies the rest of the uterine horns and the uterine body. This is a branch off the Internal Iliac artery in most domestic species, except the Mare where insted it is a branch off the External Iliac artery. The Uterine artery and the Ovarian artery anastomose within the Broad ligament.